The majority of growth factor receptors are composed of extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (TK) domains. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation regulates many key processes including cell growth and survival. However, dysregulation of RTK has been found in a wide range of cancers, and it has been shown to correlate with the development and progression of numerous c...

The Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) are the most frequent wave signatures in the ionosphere, with amplitudes up to several TECUs, periods from several hundreds to one-two thousands of seconds, and propagation velocities from 50 to +300 m/s, mainly equator-eastward in winter/fall seasons, and westward in summer/spring seasons (M. Hernandez-Pajares et al., Radio Science,...

Accurate positioning ofoutdoor vehicles and machinery is of the top importance inmanagement, tracking, analysis, control applications. However, most current vehicle tracking devices have an error a few meters to several tens meters,which not enough for applications requiring high accuracy. This paper presents design outdoor monitoring device that integrates precise technology real-time kinemati...

An efficient way for the real-time GNSS data processing of CORS stations is to make use of a Kalman filter implementation. Using dual-frequency un-differenced carrier phase and code data as observations, the state vector consists of troposphere zenith delays, differential ionosphere delays, receiver and satellite clock errors and phase ambiguities. Satellite positions are computed in real time ...

The Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning algorithm is a promising technique that can provide real-time centimeter-level precision in GNSS-friendly areas. However, the performance of RTK degrade GNSS-hostile areas like urban canyons. surrounding buildings and trees reflect block Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, obstructing GNSS receivers’ ability to maintain signal tracking ex...

Overactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), caused by either oversupply of ligands or mutations that result in ligandindependent constitutive activation, has been linked to many cancers and other human diseases (reviewed by Robertson et al., 2000). An important question is why such overactivation, which has been generally presumed to be quantitative in nature, could lead to qualitative ...

The RAS/MAP kinase and the RAS/PI3K/AKT pathways play a key role in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival. The induction of these pathways depends on Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) that are activated upon ligand binding. In cancer, constitutive and aberrant activations of components of those pathways result in increased proliferation, survival and metastasis. For insta...