Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2) catalyses the formation of 4-hydroxyproline in collagens. The vertebrate enzymes are alpha 2 beta 2 tetramers while the Caenorhabditis elegans enzyme is an alpha beta dimer. The beta-subunit is identical to protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), a multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum luminal polypeptide. ERp60 is a PDI isoform that was initially misidentified a...

Besnoitia besnoiti is an apicomplexan parasite responsible for bovine besnoitiosis, a disease with a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions and re-emerging in Europe. Despite the great economical losses associated with besnoitiosis, this disease has been underestimated and poorly studied, and neither an effective therapy nor an efficacious vaccine is available. Protein disulfide is...

The aim of the study was to monitor the influence of increasing initiator concentrations on the properties of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (polyNIPA) nanoparticles obtained via surfactant free precipitation polymerization (SFPP). In all studied systems P-001 to P-1, the same amount of monomer was used, and increasing amounts of potassium persulphate (KPS). The course of each reaction was monitore...

Chitosan hydrogels containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and toluidine blue O were prepared and assessed for their mucoadhesive property and antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic inactivation (PDI). Increased HPMC content in the hydrogels resulted in increased mucoadhesiveness. Furthermore, we developed a simple In Vitro 3D gingival model resembling the oral periodontal pocket to cul...

In glial cells, thyroid hormone regulates the polymerization state of the actin cytoskeleton by a mechanism that does not require protein synthesis or the nuclear T3 receptor. Using the affinity label N-bromoacetyl-L-T4, we identified a thyroid hormone-binding protein of 55 kDa (glial-p55) in cultured glial cells that is unique from the type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and which exhibits a T...

The clinical application of transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure (Pdi,tw) response to phrenic nerve stimulation has been hindered by the requirement for placement of oesophageal and gastric balloons. Investigators have reported that mouth twitch pressure (Pmo,tw) estimates Pdi,tw accurately at lung volumes above and below functional residual capacity (FRC). However, it is not known whether Pmo,tw...

The aquatic zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus iniae represents a threat to the worldwide aquaculture industry and poses a risk to humans who handle raw fish. Because little is known about the mechanisms of S. iniae pathogenesis or virulence factors, we established a high-throughput system combining whole-genome pyrosequencing and transposon mutagenesis that allowed us to identify virulence protei...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) storage proteins fold and assemble into complexes that are linked by intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds, but it is not yet clear whether these processes are spontaneous or require the assistance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident enzymes and molecular chaperones. Aiming to unravel these processes, we have purified and characterized the enzyme protein disulfi...

BACKGROUND The formation of native disulfide bonds between cysteine residues often limits the rate and yield of protein folding. The enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyzes the interchange of disulfide bonds in substrate proteins. The two -Cys-Gly-His-Cys- active sites of PDI provide a thiol that has a low pKa value and a disulfide bond of high reduction potential (Eo'). RESULTS A ...

Seven fungicides were evaluated in vitro against Exserohilum turcicum causing leaf blight of maize The treatment mancozeb 0.25% and combination treatments of carbendazim and mancozeb i.e. saff 0.25% recorded the lowest percent disease index (PDI) reducing the disease by 73.0% and 72.1% respectively. The treatment which had a combination metriram + pyraclostrobin i.e. cabriotop 0.3% was found to...