As the package’s complexity and compactness grow, the challenge of nondestructive analysis becomes more difficult for the ultra-fine pitched interconnections and the heat spreader structures. To confront this analysis issue, the ultrafine-pitch wirebond interconnect with thermally enhanced heat spreader attached to the ball grid array (BGA) package are analyzed. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) ...

Setting priorities for health research is a difficult task, especially for the neglected diseases of the poor. A new approach to priority setting for tropical diseases research has been adopted by the UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (known as the TDR). Priorities are defined on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of research needs and resea...

After continuous 3H-TdR infusion in vivo or incubation with 3H-TdR in vitro human blood lymphocytes were examined by light-microscopic and electron-microscopic autoradiography. Using relatively long autoradiographic exposure times (50--300 days) not only nuclear but also cytoplasmic labelling was visualized, the cytoplasmic label being present in up to 96% of the cells. The cytoplasmic label wa...

Welcoming the participants, Dr A.O. Lucas, Director, UNDP/WORLD BANK/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), pointed out that there were many immunological features in common between leprosy and tuberculosis. He noted that one of the four sections of the meeting arose out of the establishment by IMMLEP of a bank of monoclonal antibodies that recognize Mycobac...

Study Design Systematic review. Objectives (1) To compare the quality of adverse event (AE) methodology and reporting among randomized trials comparing lumbar fusion with lumbar total disk replacement (TDR) using established AE reporting systems; (2) to compare the AEs and reoperations of lumbar spinal fusion with those from lumbar TDR; (3) to make recommendations on how to report AEs in random...

BACKGROUND Pineal melatonin (MLT) is a neuroendocrine hormone that possesses a wide variety of biological effects. MLT regulation of the immune system has been studied in recent years. But very little is known about MLT interaction with neonatal cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and the lymphocyte immune system in neonates. This study was designed to investigate the proliferative effects of ...

Time Delay Reservoir (TDR) is a hardware-friendly machine learning approach from two perspectives. First, it can prevent the connection overhead of neural networks with increasing neurons. Second, through its dynamic system representation, TDR also be implemented in hardware by different systems. However, performs poorly on tasks that involve long-term dependency. In this work, we first introdu...

This is a case report of a 38-year-old man with severe radiating pain on upper extremity after cervical total disc replacement (TDR). We faced an unusual complication that has not been reported yet. He underwent cervical TDR for left central disc protrusion on C5-6. After the surgery, preoperative symptom disappeared. However, at postoperative 1 year, he complained severe right-sided radiating ...

Mice were injected intravenously and intraperitoneally with preparations of intestinal nucleoprotein, spleen nuclei, mouse thymus cells, or human kidney T cells whose DNA had been labeled with both [3H]thymidine (TdR) and [125I]-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR). Since free TdR is reutilized more efficiently than free IUdR produced by enzymic hydrolysis of the exogenous DNA, the ratio of [3H]TdR/[125I]IU...