Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare inherited cancer syndrome with variable penetrance. MTS follows an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, and is a subtype of Lynch syndrome [formally known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)]. MTS is caused by mutations in one of several mismatch repair genes. Patients typically present with sebaceous neoplasms (sebaceous adenoma, seba...

This report discusses the cross-section shapes and growth curves created by different proliferation algorithms in an in silico model of in vitro multicellular tumor spheroid growth (MTS). The in vitro MTS system is a model of in vivo tumor growth. The in silico model described herein represents aspects of MTS growth, including its layered structure and growth patterns. An exploration of four al...

Assembly of the mitotic spindle is a classic example of macromolecular self-organization. During spindle assembly, microtubules (MTs) accumulate around chromatin. In centrosomal spindles, centrosomes at the spindle poles are the dominating source of MT production. However, many systems assemble anastral spindles, i.e., spindles without centrosomes at the poles. How anastral spindles produce and...

Many end-to-end feedback flow control protocols experience the rate oscillations caused by latency phase shift (LPS). This problem comes from time-varying bandwidth and non-zero feedback latency. A temporal flow control (TFC) protocol called MTS (Multiple-Time-Scale) was proposed to significantly reduce the oscillations in our earlier publication [2]. In this paper, the class of temporal flow c...

Polyglutamylases are enzymes that form polyglutamate side chains of variable lengths on proteins. Polyglutamylation of tubulin is believed to regulate interactions of microtubules (MTs) with MT-associated proteins and molecular motors. Subpopulations of MTs are differentially polyglutamylated, yet only one modifying enzyme has been discovered in mammals. In an attempt to better understand the h...

Cortical microtubules (MTs) participate in the spatial control of cell expansion and division that is required for plant growth and morphogenesis. Well-ordered transverse cortical MTs promote cell elongation and restrict radial cell expansion. The molecular mechanism controlling their ordering is poorly understood. We report the first known signaling pathway that promotes the organization of co...

It is a critical question for environmental governance to examine whether the administrative award and punishment measures are effective in promoting environmental governance performance. Choosing the implementation of a mandatory target system (MTS) as the subject, this paper employs a fixed-effect panel data model and regression discontinuity design to test whether the MTS has improved the en...

A direct, ambient ionization method has been developed using atmospheric pressure thermal desorption-extractive electrospray-mass spectrometry (AP/TD-EESI-MS) for the detection of the genotoxic impurity (GTI) methyl p-toluenesulfonate (MTS) in a surrogate pharmaceutical matrix. A custom-made thermal desorption probe was used to the desorb and vaporize MTS from the solid state, by rapid heating ...

Modal transition systems (MTS) is a well established formalism used for specification and for abstract interpretation. We consider its disjunctive extension (DMTS) and we show that refinement problems for DMTS are not harder than in the case of MTS. There are two main results in the paper. Firstly, we give a solution to the common implementation and specification problems lowering the complexit...

We used immunofluorescent microscopy to characterize microtubule (MT) architecture in wild-type and mutant protoplasts of Aspergillus nidulans at interphase and at mitosis. Because the visualization of MTs by immunofluorescence is technically difficult in intact hyphae of A. nidulans, we developed a method for removing the cell wall under conditions that do not perturb cell physiology, as evide...