A pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene has been synthesized as the largest fully conjugated hetero[n]circulene via a fold-in oxidative fusion reaction of an ortho-phenylene-bridged cyclic pyrrole pentamer. This circulene takes saddle-distorted structure with bond lengths central ten-membered-ring in range 1.455–1.493 Å. Relatively broad absorption and fluorescence spectra were observed, which reflec...

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Solitons and cavitons (the latter are localized solutions with singularities) for the nonlocal Whitham equations studied. The fourth order differential equation traveling waves a parameter in front of derivative is reduced to reversible Hamiltonian system defined on two-sheeted four-dimensional space. Solutions which stay one sheet represent smooth but those perform transitions through branchin...

Resurgence theory implies that the non-perturbative (NP) and perturbative (P) data in a QFT are quantitatively related, and that detailed information about nonperturbative saddle point field configurations of path integrals can be extracted from perturbation theory. Traditionally, only stable NP saddle points are considered in QFT, and homotopy group considerations are used to classify them. Ho...