PURPOSE We conducted a phase I study to determine the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and efficacy of weekly bolus recombinant human interleukin-21 (rIL-21) plus rituximab in patients with indolent B-cell malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One week after a lead-in rituximab dose, cohorts of three patients were treated with 30, 100, or 150 μg/kg rIL-21 weekly for four weeks, concurrent wi...

BACKGROUND Recombinant interleukin-2(rIL-2) therapy in metastatic melanoma is limited by toxicities, particularly vascular leak syndrome(VLS). Taurolidine potentiates the anti-neoplastic effects of IL-2 while reducing its associated endothelial cell dysfunction in experimental settings. We hypothesized that co-administration of rIL-2 with taurolidine could enhance tolerability without weakening...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with recombinant ¡nterleukin-2(rIL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with advanced bladder cancer and to study the induced changes in the distribution of leukocyte subsets in blood and tumor. Nine patients with metastatic transitional cell cancer of the bladder were treated with a continuous infusion of rIL-...

BACKGROUND IL-33 through its receptor ST2 protects the heart from myocardial infarct and hypertrophy in animal models but, paradoxically, increases autoimmune disease. In this study, we examined the effect of IL-33 or ST2 administration on autoimmune heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We used pressure-volume relationships and isoproterenol challenge to assess the effect of recombinant (r) IL-...

Monoclonal antibodies 14.18 (IgG3) and 11C64 (IgG3) directed against disialogangliosides GD2 and GD3, respectively, when used in conjunction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with human recombinant interleukin (rIL-2) lyse both human melanoma and neuroblastoma cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Such monoclonal antibody-"armed" effector cells are sp...

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is regarded as an important mechanism by which monoclonal antibodies (mAb) can exert an antitumour effect in vivo. It may be possible, therefore, to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of mAb by cytokines that are able to enhance the ADCC of human CD3-, CD56+, CD16+ natural killer (NK) cells. We investigated in vitro the effects of recombinant interf...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a pleiotropic cytokine was widely used as an effective adjuvant for vaccines in mammals. In this study, the immune adjuvant effects of two forms of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) IL-6, including recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) and pcDNA3.1-IL-6 (pcIL-6), were evaluated and comparatively analyzed on E. tarda subunit vaccine recombinant outer membrane protein V (rOmpV). The re...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with advanced bladder cancer and to study the induced changes in the distribution of leukocyte subsets in blood and tumor. Nine patients with metastatic transitional cell cancer of the bladder were treated with a continuous infusion of rIL-...

Purpose:We have previously shown that within tumors, recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2, aldesleukin) consistently activates tumor-associated macrophages and upregulates IFN-stimulated genes while inducing minimalmigration, activation, or proliferation of T cells. These effects are independent of tumor response to treatment. Here, we prospectively evaluated transcriptional alterations induced by ...