[1] ELF/VLF (0.3–30 kHz) wave generation is achievable via modulated HF (3–30 MHz) heating of the lower ionosphere in the presence of natural currents such as the auroral electrojet. Using the 3.6 MWHigh Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility near Gakona, AK, we investigate the effect of HF frequency and beam size on the generated ELF/VLF amplitudes, as a function of modulat...

Abstract. We report on the variation of electric power density linked to very low frequency (VLF) signal observed during minimum solar cycle 25. The detected VLF is emitted by NWC radio station localized in southern hemisphere, at 21.5∘ S and 114.2∘ E. attempt this work quantify beam as Electric Field Detector (EFD) instrument onboard CSES satellite. Geometrical key parameters have been conside...

In this article, a new variable leakage flux reverse salient-pole motor (VLF-RSPM) is raised to widen the speed range. The innovation realize both characteristics and by using method of adding magnetic bridges barriers. Firstly, evolution topological structure working principle are introduced. Secondly, based on 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA), electromagnetic properties noise analyzed in deta...

Due to the characteristics of inductance parameter mismatch and back electromotive force harmonics caused by novel leakage flux branches other non-ideal factors for variable-leakage-flux permanent magnet (VLF-PM) motor, its control system suffers from a deteriorated performance rotor position estimation. To overcome problems mentioned above, an adaptive tracking estimator is proposed in this pa...

In the northern part of Sumatra Island, Indonesia, Great Sumatran Fault, which can cause an earthquake, was divided into two segments: Aceh and Seulimeum. An effort to reduce risk is mapping fault area, especially in region that does not clearly show sign on surface, e.g., Lamtamot Indonesia. Electrical resistivity widely used study shallow structures, but method requires more time when applied...