The reversibility and cation selectivity of the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (KCC), which normally extrudes Cl(-) out of neurons, was investigated in dissociated lateral superior olive neurons of rats using the gramicidin perforated patch technique. Intracellular Cl(-) activity (alpha[Cl(-)](i)) was maintained well below electrochemical equilibrium as determined from the extracellular Cl(-) activit...

A chloride current, I(Cl,H), slowly activating on hyperpolarisation was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster larval muscles using the two-electrode voltage clamp. Sizeable currents were observed after the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) had been elevated by diffusion of Cl- from the electrodes. The time course of I(Cl,H) was rather variable and required two exponentials to be a...

1. Intracellular [Cl-] ([Cl-]i) was measured with ion-selective microelectrodes in rat femoral arterial smooth muscle in normotensive controls and after the induction of deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt hypertension. 2. Linear regression of [Cl-]i and time after the induction of hypertension showed good correlation (r = 0.96) for 5-6 weeks, as [Cl-]i increased from 30 +/- 1 mmol/l (mean +/- SD,...

The contributions of electrogenic sodium/calcium exchange current ( I NaCa), calcium-activated chloride conductance [ I Cl(Ca)], and calcium-activated nonselective cation conductance to delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) were examined. Nonselective cation channels were absent in canine M cells, since inhibition of I NaCa and I Cl(Ca)eliminated all calcium-activated currents without abolishing c...

In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), the inhibitory strength of chloride (Cl(-))-permeable GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAAR and GlyR) depends on the intracellular Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-)]i). Lowering [Cl(-)]i enhances inhibition, whereas raising [Cl(-)]i facilitates neuronal activity. A neuron's basal level of [Cl(-)]i, as well as its Cl(-) extrusion capacity, is critically dep...

The dinuclear title compound, [Co(2)Cl(3)(C(6)H(4)NO(2))(C(6)H(6)N(2)O)(2)(C(2)H(5)OH)], contains two six-coordinate Co(II) atoms with different octa-hedral coordination environments. One Co(II) atom is coordinated by two N atoms from one pyridine-2-carbaldehyde oxime ligand, by one terminal and one bridging Cl(-) ion, by one O atom from an ethanol mol-ecule, and by one O atom from a bridging p...

In the title organometallic polymer, [HgCl(2)(C(26)H(20)NO(3)P)](n), the monodentate 1-(3-nitro-phen-yl)-2-(triphenyl-phospho-ran-yl--idene)ethanone ligand is coordinated to the Hg(II) atom through the methine C atom. The Hg(II) atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry by one terminal Cl atom, two bridging Cl atoms, and one C atom from the ylidic ligand, resulting in a poly...

In the mol-ecular structure of the title compound, [CuCl(C(6)H(5)NO)(4)]Cl, the Cu(II) atom is coordinated by four N atoms of four pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde ligands and one chloride anion in a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. There is also a non-coordinating Cl(-) anion in the crystal structure. The Cu(II) atom and both Cl atoms are situated on fourfold rotation axes. ...

Dinuclear ruthenium nitrido complexes supported by the Kläui's tripodal ligand [CpCo{P(O)(OEt)(2)}(3)](-) (L(OEt)(-)) have been synthesized starting from the ruthenium(VI) nitrido precursor [L(OEt)Ru(VI)(N)Cl(2)] (1). Heating a solution of 1 in CCl(4) at reflux, followed by recrystallization from hexane under nitrogen, afforded the mixed-valence ruthenium(V)-ruthenium(IV) μ-nitrido complex [L(O...

After axotomy, application of muscimol, a GABA(A) receptor agonist, induced an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) in dorsal motor neurons of the vagus (DMV neurons). Elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) by muscimol was blocked by bicuculline, tetrodotoxin, and Ni(2+). In axotomized DMV neurons measured with gramicidin perforated-patch recordings, reversal potentials of the GABA(A) receptor-medi...