We use the method due to Batalin, Fradkin and Tyutin (BFT) for the quantization of chiral boson theories. We consider the Floreanini-Jackiw (FJ) formulation as well as others with linear constraints. PACS: 03.70+k, 11.10.Ef, 11.30.Rd (∗) Electronic mail: ift01001@ufrj (†) Electronic mail: ift03001@ufrj and [email protected] 1

We reconsider the CP 1 model with the Hopf term by using the BatalinFradkin-Tyutin (BFT) scheme, which is an improved version of the Dirac quantization method. We also perform a semi-classical quantization of the topological charge Q sector by exploiting the collective coordinates to explicitly show the fractional spin statistics.

In the symplectic Lagrangian framework we newly embed an irreducible massive vector-tensor theory into a gauge invariant system, which has become reducible, by extending the configuration space to include an additional pair of scalar and vector fields, which give the desired Wess-Zumino action. A comparision with the BFT Hamiltonian embedding approach is also done. PACS: 11.10.Ef, 11.30.Ly, 11....

Temperature is often an important variable influencing the vertical position of fish larvae in water column. The same species may show different distributions areas with a strong near-surface seasonal thermocline compared to isothermal regions. In surface thermocline, tuna significant preference for warmer layers. Little known regarding larval distribution waters and on associated assemblages. ...

Despite 30+ years of intensive research, the distributed computing community still does nothave a practical answer to non-crash faults of the machines that comprise a distributed system.In particular, Byzantine fault-tolerance (BFT), that promises to handle such faults, has not livedto expectations due to its resource and operation overhead with respect to its crash fault-tolera...

BACKGROUND Our previous study had identified the SNP (g.81966377T > C) and indel (g.81966364D > I) located in the promoter of APM1 to have a significant effect on marbling in Hanwoo. APM1 encodes an adipocytokine called adiponectin, which plays a significant role in lipogenesis. The aim of this study was to verify and validate the effect of the SNP and indel on marbling and other carcass traits...