– We study quantum effects of light propagation through an extended absorbing system of two-level atoms placed within a frequency gap medium (FGM). Apart from ordinary solitons and single-particle impurity band states, the many-particle spectrum of the system is shown to contain massive pairs of confined gap excitations and their bound complexes—gap solitons. Quantum gap solitons propagate with...

In this article, vibration characteristics and the parametric instability of functionally graded material (FGM) plates with cyclic loading in a hygrothermal field are discussed. The plate element is modeled in a finite element by applying the third-order shear deformation hypothesis. The mathematical formulation of the FGM plate is made with two material constituents by applying the power rule ...

the effect of axial deformation of shell particles on the dynamic instability (flutter) of cantilevered cylindrical shells made of functionally graded materials (fgm) under an end axial follower force is addressed. to this end, at first, results for free vibration of fgm cylindrical shells were verified with previous outcomes and they were in very good agreement. then, the effect of axial defor...

Spatial variation of material structures is a principal mechanism for creating and controlling spatially varying material properties in nature and engineering. While the spatially varying homogenized properties can be represented by scalar and vector fields on the macroscopic scale, explicit microscopic structures of constituent phases are required to facilitate the visualization, analysis and ...

The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of USAID. DEDICATION The late Leah Muuya (died December 2000) has left an invaluable imprint in the struggle to free young girls from the practice of Female Genital Mutilation. As Maendeleo Ya Wanawake Organisation's (MYWO) Programme Officer for Harmful Traditional Practices, Leah spearheaded activiti...

In this work, an implicit algorithm is used for analyzing the free dynamic behavior of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plates. The Third order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) to develop proposed model. contribution, formulation written without any homogenization technique as rule mixture. Hamilton principle establish resulting equations motion. For spatial discretization based on Finite Elem...

The concept of functionally graded material (FGM) is currently actively explored in coating design for the purpose of eliminating the mismatch of thermomechanical properties at the interfaces and thus increasing the resistance of coatings to functional failure. In the present paper, three-dimensional elastic deformation of a functionally graded coating/substrate system of finite thickness subje...

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other deliberate injury to the female genital organs, either for cultural or non-therapeutic reasons. This barbaric act is accompanied by a variety of complications ranging from hemorrhage, fracture, infective complications, gynetresia, with its attendant sexual and obstetric difficulties, and de...