background and objective: hysteroscopy is considered as very important in the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding. it is usually performed as an outpatient procedure under either local or no anesthesia. this study was designed to compare the combination of paracervical block (pcb) and conscious sedation with paracervical block or conscious sedation alone for outpatient hysteroscopy in te...

The number of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions performed under sedation is growing rapidly. While providing patients with an improved experience secondary to anxiolysis, analgesia, and amnesia, sedation also puts them at risk for associated cardiorespiratory and other complications. Several medications are available for sedation, all of which have unique advantages and disadvantages. Th...

Heavy sedation in the ICU is associated with coma, delirium, and prolonged stays, but links between sedatives and non-brain organ failure have rarely been described. In a post hoc analysis, Strøm and colleagues explored associations between sedation and acute kidney injury among ICU patients randomly assigned to one of two sedation strategies. The 'no sedation' protocol was associated with less...

Background: Monitoring of adequacy of sedation and careful drug selection can minimize the risks of over sedation and side effects. We evaluate the safety and efficiency of patient state index (PSI) versus Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) on postoperative sedation for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients. Methods: Sixty postoperative mechanically ventilated LDLT recipients sedated wi...

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to (1) establish current sedation practice in UK critical care to inform evidence synthesis and potential future primary research and (2) to compare practice reported via a survey with actual practice assessed in a point prevalence study (PPS). METHODS UK adult general critical care units were invited to participate in a survey of current sedation pra...

BACKGROUND Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam and midazolam, are frequently administered to surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients for postoperative sedation. To date, the pharmacology of lorazepam in critically ill patients has not been described. The aim of the current study was to characterize and compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lorazepam and midazolam administered ...

There are many safe and effective medications available to the dental practitioner for producing conscious sedation. Given the many sedatives available, all possessing slightly different clinical characteristics and various degrees of risk, careful consideration needs to be given to the objectives of the sedation when deciding which pharmacologic agents to use. Before making plans to sedate den...

introduction: both midazolam and promethazine are recommended to be used as sedatives in many studies but each have some side effects that limits their use. combination therapy as an alternative method, may decreases these limitations. therefore, this study aimed to compare midazolam with midazolam-promethazine regarding induction, maintenance, and recovery characteristics following pediatric p...

Sedation is often necessary to optimize care for critically ill children requiring mechanical ventilation. If too light or too deep, however, sedation can cause significant adverse reactions, making it important to assess the degree of sedation and maintain its optimal level. We evaluated the efficacy of the COMFORT scale in assessing optimal sedation in critically ill children requiring mechan...

Most gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures are now performed with sedation. Moderate sedation using benzodiazepines and opioids continue to be widely used, but propofol sedation is becoming more popular because its unique pharmacokinetic properties make endoscopy almost painless, with a very predictable and rapid recovery process. There is controversy as to whether propofol should be administe...