Introduction: Synkinesis and facial asymmetry due to facial nerve palsy are distressing conditions that affect quality of life. Unfortunately, these sequelae of facial nerve palsy are unresolved. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a combination of biofeedback therapy and botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection for the management of synkinesis and asymmetry of facial muscles.  ...

Hille (1977. Journal of General Physiology. 69:497-515) first proposed a modulated receptor hypothesis (MRH) to explain the action of benzocaine in voltage-gated Na+ channels. Using the MRH as a framework, we examined benzocaine binding in batrachotoxin (BTX)-modified Na+ channels under voltage-clamp conditions using either step or ramp command signals. We found that benzocaine binding is stron...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of botulinum toxin (BTX) induced ptosis in the treatment of corneal pathology. METHODS We employed two BTX injections into the superior lid of 10 eyes (9 patients). We evaluated the degree of ptosis, its duration and the effect on the corneal lesion. RESULTS Complete ptosis resulted in seven eyes and the corneal pathology resolved in all of them. There were no...

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks acetylcholine release from presynaptic nerve terminals by cleaving the SNARE complex. BTX-A has been reported to have analgesic effects independent of its action on muscle tone. The most robust results have been observed in patients with neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain due to peripheral lesions has been the most widely studied...

Botulinum toxin is effective in reducing spasticity post stroke. As there are limited data on post stroke spasticity in Asia, we undertake this study to determine the effectiveness and safety of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A), in the treatment of chronic focal post-stroke hand spasticity, and the impact of BTX-A on the activities of daily living and quality of life, i...

INTRODUCTION Previously, botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) (Botox; Allergan, Irvine, Calif) was shown to be effective in reducing excessive gingival display in 5 patients with gummy smiles. This study was conducted to determine whether the doses and the primary injection sites used in the pilot study for the correction of gummy smiles provide consistent, statistically significant, and esthetically...

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin (BTX), temporarily suppressing cholinergic transmission (<3 weeks), has been reported to suppress atrial fibrillation (AF) for ≥1 year. We aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying long-term suppression of AF caused by injecting BTX into major atrial ganglionated plexi (GPs). METHODS AND RESULTS Bilateral thoracotomies in anesthetized dogs allowed programmed sti...

Benzene, toluene và xylene (BTX) là thành phần chính của xăng dung môi được sử dụng rộng rãi trong công nghiệp. Do có khả năng hòa tan nước nên BTX cũng xem một những hợp chất gây ô nhiễm phổ biến. Dòng vi khuẩn Rhodococcus sp. XL6.2 phân lập từ hệ thống xử lý thải phòng thí nghiệm hủy hiệu quả BTX. Nghiên cứu này thực hiện nhằm tìm mang phù để tồn trữ làm cơ sở cho việc sản xuất chế phẩm sinh ...