The process of biomineralization apatite in nature has been studied by scientists from various fields science for more than a century. Unlike the volcanogenic, hydrothermal, and other types igneous apatites, genesis which is entirely clear, formation phosphate ores marine sedimentary origin still debatable. Since concentrations water bodies are too low spontaneous precipitation solid phosphates...

The viscosity of cryolite melts conventional composition NaF–AlF3–CaF2–Al2O3 was studied by rotational viscometry using the FRS 1600 high-temperature rheometer. ratio NaF–AlF3 melt 2.1, 2.3, and 2.5; Al2O3 content varied from 2 to 6.6, CaF2 – 0 8 wt%. measurements were carried out in temperature range liquidus 1200 °C. conditions for laminar flow investigated determined, based on as a function ...

Water in contact with mineral interfaces is important for a variety of different processes. Here, we present a combined theoretical/experimental study which provides a quantitative, molecular-level understanding of the ubiquitous and important CaF2/water interface. Our results show that, at low pH, the surface is positively charged, causing a substantial degree of water ordering. The surface ch...

A simple function, called attenuation parameter, is presented that can be used to extract quantitative information on the degree of localisation of normal modes at locations of arbitrary dimensionality from eigenvector components calculated in lattice dynamics simulations. Normal modes are identified as localised if their attenuation parameter values exceed a certain threshold value. As example...

In this work epitaxial growth of cobalt on CaF2(111), (110) and (001) surfaces has been extensively studied. It has been shown by atomic force microscopy that at selected growth conditions stand-alone faceted Co nanoparticles are formed on a fluorite surface. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) studies have revealed that the particl...