This work reports a promising approach to the development of novel self-buffering and biocompatible ionic liquids for biological research in which the anions are derived from biological buffers (Good's buffers, GB). Five Good's buffers (Tricine, TES, CHES, HEPES, and MES) were neutralized with four suitable hydroxide bases (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, a...

Considerable scope exists for the use of AI in camel breeding programmes but the technology is not fully developed. The fertility of both fresh and liquid-stored (24 h; 4°C) dromedary camel semen diluted in either Green Buffer (GB) or INRA-96 (INRA) was assessed. Different insemination doses were investigated: 150 and 300 x 10 motile sperm for fresh sperm, and 150, 300 and 600 x 10 motile sperm...

BACKGROUND Based on a description of acupuncture to treat a bone disease resembling osteoporosis in the ancient text of Huangdi Neijing, we aimed to assess the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at GB points in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. METHODS 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 each): ovariectomised model group (OVX); ovariectomised group treated with EA at G...

Generalized Born (GB) models provide, for many applications, an accurate and computationally facile estimate of the electrostatic contribution to aqueous solvation. The GB models involve two main types of approximations relative to the Poisson equation (PE) theory on which they are based. First, the self-energy contributions of individual atoms are estimated and expressed as "effective Born rad...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous virus that is a major pathogen in newborns and immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patients. HCMV infects a wide variety of cell types using distinct entry pathways that involve different forms of the gH/gL glycoprotein: gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/UL128-131 as well as the viral fusion glycoprotein, gB. However, the minimal or core fusion machinery (suffici...

Grain-boundary (GB) segregation has been measured in Nbdoped TiO2 (rutile) by Auger electron spectroscopy analyses of the two surfaces exposed by inter-granular fracture. In addition, the orientations of the exposed GB planes on both sides of the fracture surface have been determined. A strong anisotropy of GB composition is found. Measurements on 166 individual GB fracture surfaces show that b...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) poses a significant threat to immunocompromised individuals and neonates infected in utero. Glycoprotein B (gB), the herpesvirus fusion protein, is a target for neutralizing antibodies and a vaccine candidate due to its indispensable role in infection. Here we show the crystal structure of the HCMV gB ectodomain bound to the Fab fragment of 1G2, a neutralizing human...

Mechanical and functional properties of materials are strongly dependent on the grain boundaries (GBs) which has different atomic structures due to the disorder in periodicity. The grain boundary structures are also influenced by the dopant and vacancies segregated at GBs, providing the functional properties, which cannot be observed in a perfect crystal. In order to control GB structures to im...