During the transition from pregnancy to lactation, dairy cows experience a 70% reduction in plasma IGF-I. This reduction has been attributed to decreased hepatic IGF-I production. IGF-I circulates predominantly in multi-protein complexes consisting of one molecule each of IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 and the acid labile subunit (ALS). Recent studies in the mouse have shown that absence of ALS r...

Recently, C9orf72 hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat expansion in intron 1 was reported to be the most common cause of sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in the Caucasian population. The frequency of the intronic repeat expansion is up to 21%-57% in familial ALS and 3%-21% in sporadic ALS.In the Japanese population, the C9orf72 repeat expansion w...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is recognized as a motor neuron disorder affecting the structure and function of the brain and neuromuscular system. Very little is known, however, that the nervous system degeneration is dependent on disease phenotypes of ALS. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of brain white matter (WM) structure degeneration in four ALS patient groups ch...

INTRODUCTION A decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-Tau181 to total tau ratio (p/t-tau) is a biomarker for frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) and for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). CSF light chain neurofilaments (NfL) are increased in ALS. We examined whether CSF p/t-tau and NfL are related to ALS status in FTLD-TDP. METHODS We compared CSF p/t-tau and N...

OBJECTIVES Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, and sepsis is a frequent cause of death in hospitalised patients. We investigated the relationship between ALS and the subsequent risk of sepsis. DESIGN A retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING Patients with ALSs diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 in Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. PARTIC...