We examine the economic and environmental implications of the fuels and propulsion technologies that will be available over the next two decades for powering a large proportion of the light duty fleet (cars and light trucks). Since R&D change is rapid, we treat the uncertainty about future technologies using bounding calculations. A lifecycle perspective is used to analyze fossil fuels [convent...

Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R)-targeting therapies are currently at an important crossroad given the low clinical response rates seen in unselected patients. Predictive biomarkers for patient selection are critical for improving clinical benefit. Coupling in vitro sensitivity testing of BMS-754807, a dual IGF-1R/IR inhibitor, with genomic interrogations in 60 human colorectal ca...

Apparent blockage of monovalent cation currents by the permeating blocker Ca(2+) is a physiologically essential phenomenon relevant to cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels. The recently determined crystal structure of a bacterial homolog of CNG channel pores, the NaK channel, revealed a Ca(2+) binding site at the extracellular entrance to the selectivity filter. This site is not formed by the...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (cng) non-selective cation channels have been cloned from a number of animal systems. These channels are characterized by direct gating upon cAMP or cGMP binding to the intracellular portion of the channel protein, which leads to an increase in channel conductance. Animal cng channels are involved in signal transduction systems; they translate stimulus-induced changes in...

LESSONS LEARNED Panitumumab shows activity in terms of disease control rate and preventing disease progression but not for tumor shrinkage in head and neck squamous cell cancer for second-line treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) copy number gain, a property of tumor cells that theoretically could identify patients more likely to experience disease response, was common among patie...

Gaseous fuels, e.g., natural gas, biogas, have several advantages over liquid fuels owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties, lower carbon numbers in the fuel composition no issues regarding evaporation. The present study investigated compressed gas (CNG) port injection (PFI) direct (DI) systems compared gasoline (GDI) cases a spark ignition (SI) naturally aspirated single cyli...

editorial Is FISH floating or still swimming in the lung cancer ocean? The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a crucial factor in the development and growth of several human malignancies, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The main strategies aimed at inhibiting the EGFR pathway include agents directed against the extracellular domain of the receptor, such as monoclonal antib...

Automobile industries primarily use petroleum-based fuels like petrol and diesel, creating environmental hazards, a high carbon footprint, severe health issues. The world focuses on compressed natural gas (CNG)-based energy solutions developing CNG infrastructures to minimize concerns from fossil fuel. current focus introduce fraction of hydrogen with in the existing fuel system is initiated he...

Abstract Studying the collective excitations in charge neutral graphene (CNG) has recently attracted a great interest because of unusual mechanisms carrier dynamics. The latter can play crucial role for formation observed twisted bilayer CNG plasmon polaritons (GPPs) associated with interband transitions between flat electronic bands. Besides, GPPs be tool providing insights into various quantu...