OBJECTIVE To describe application of GEM to analysis and categorization of guideline content. METHOD We examined the application of GEM constructs to the AAP guideline on neurodiagnostic evaluation of febrile seizures. Subjects at 4 sites marked-up the guideline content using a hierarchical template that includes branches for identity, developer, purpose, intended audience, method of developm...

Petroleum reservoir engineering requires solutions to the transient diffusion and convection-diffusion equations. Traditionally these calculations are carried out using finite difference methods. Prior workers have used perturbation-based boundary element methods for single phase flow in heterogeneous media. The current work applies the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method (DRBEM) and the G...

The Conference on Guideline Standardization (COGS) was convened to create a standardized documentation checklist for clinical practice guidelines in an effort to promote guideline quality and facilitate implementation. The statement was created by a multidisciplinary panel using a rigorous consensus development methodology. The Guideline Elements Model (GEM) provides a standardized approach to ...

The aim of this work is to develop an XML-based application for the automated generation of decision rules from a textual guideline encoded using the Guideline Elements Model (GEM). A formalization of guideline-based chronological steps of treatment has been proposed to resolve the semantic ambiguities of the original document. The GEM DTD has been extended in order to standardize both decision...

In this study we explored how parental exposure to pharmaceuticals influences reproduction in offspring. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed for 6 weeks to 10 μgL(-1) of carbamazepine (CBZ) and gemfibrozil (GEM), two commonly prescribed drugs. Embryos were collected, reared in clean water until sexual maturity and then assessed for reproductive output, courtship, sperm function and organ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the role of radiation therapy with concurrent gemcitabine (GEM) compared with GEM alone in patients with localized unresectable pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with localized unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were randomly assigned to receive GEM alone (at 1,000 mg/m(2)/wk for weeks 1 to 6, followed by 1 week rest, t...

Conventional chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) suffers the problems of low drug permeability and inherent or acquired drug resistance. Development of new strategies for enhanced therapy still remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a new ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-promoted delivery system based on dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au DENPs) for co-deliv...

Cholangiocarcinoma is a disease with a poor prognosis. A human cholangiocarcinoma cell line, TK, was previously established to enable further understanding of the disease. We conducted this investigation to determine whether or not the TK line is useful for pharmacokinetic study of the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (GEM). Along with the BXPC3 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, the ...

The Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring (GEM) program has over the past two decades established itself firmly as an internationally leading environmental barometer measuring climate change impacts and ecosystem changes in the Arctic. The program was established in 1995 at Zackenberg Research Station in a High-Arctic ecosystem. Over the past decade, GEM expanded to include a Low-Arctic site, Nuuk/Kob...