HIV-1 infection increases the risk and severity of malaria by poorly defined mechanisms. We investigated the effect of HIV-1(Ba-L) infection of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) on phagocytosis of opsonised P. falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Compared to mock-infected MDM, HIV-1 infection significantly inhibited phagocytosis of IE (median...

Dendritic cells (DC) represent a class of professional antigen-presenting cells whose primary function is to alert the immune system, not to clear invading microorganisms. The objective of our study was to compare the abilities of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMN), monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), monocyte-derived immature DC (imDC), and mature DC (maDC) to ingest an...

Distant speech recognition is a highly challenging task due to background noise, reverberation, and speech overlap. Recently, there has been an increasing focus on attention mechanism. In this paper, we explore the attention mechanism embedded within the long short-term memory (LSTM) based acoustic model for large vocabulary distant speech recognition, trained using speech recorded from a singl...

In order to better utilize historical process data from faulty operations, supervised learning methods, such as Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA), have been adopted in process monitoring. However, such methods can only separate known faults from normal operations, and they have no means to deal with unknown faults. In addition, most of these methods are not designed for handling non-Gaussian d...

The nearest point problem (NPP), i.e., finding the closest points between two disjoint convex hulls, has two classical solutions, the Gilbert–Schlesinger–Kozinec (GSK) and Mitchell–Dem’yanov–Malozemov (MDM) algorithms. When the convex hulls do intersect, NPP has to be stated in terms of reduced convex hulls (RCHs), made up of convex pattern combinations whose coefficients are bound by a mo1 val...

هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسۀ واکنش ­پذیری هیجانی و نظریه ذهن کودکان بر اساس سبک ­های ابرازگری مادرانشان بود. روش: روش توصیفی نوع علّی-مقایسه­ ای بود در دو گام به صورت آنلاین انجام رسید. ابتدا با استفاده نمونه ­گیری دسترس، تعداد 105 نفر مادرانی که نمرات آن­ها هر یک پرسشنامه کینگ امونز (1990)، دوسوگرایی (1990) کنترل راجر نشوور (1987) انحراف استاندارد بالاتر میانگین دست آمد (در گروه 35 نفر) دوم وا...

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) using few-mode fibre (FMF) has received increasing attention to address the exponential growth of data traffic in long-haul optical communication systems. Also, combining MDM with wavelength-division (WDM) is a promising approach for dramatically growing transmission capacity such However, major barrier this regard FMF nonlinear effects, which can significantly ...

We experimentally manipulated nutrient input to a rocky intertidal community, using nutrient-diffusing flowerpots, to determine (i) whether nutrients limited intertidal productivity, (ii) how a large-scale oceanographic disturbance (an El Niño event) affected patterns of nutrient limitation, (iii) the relative impacts of molluscan grazers and nutrient limitation, and (iv) if responses to experi...

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) is an emerging information transmission technique in which multiple data signals can be transmitted simultaneously on different modes of a single wavelength laser beam over free-space channel. MDM potential for the realization high-speed spectral efficient communication links future generations wireless networks. We present novel MDM-based optics (FSO) system. T...