A stunted root system is a significant symptom of iron (Fe) toxicity, yet little is known about the effects of excess Fe on lateral root (LR) development. In this work, we show that excess Fe has different effects on LR development in different portions of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root system and that inhibitory effects on the LR initiation are only seen in roots newly formed duri...

There are two different approaches in the LR parsing. The first one is the deterministic approach that performs the only one action using the control rules learned without any LR parsing resource. It shows good performance in speed. But it has a disadvantage that it cannot correct the previous mistakes, thus directly affects the parsing result. The second one is the probabilistic LR parsing app...

Logistic regression is a simple statistical tool used in binary classification. LR is useful for situations in which we want to predict the presence or absence of a characteristic or outcome based on values of a set of predictor variables. Unlike LR, PCA is another technique used in feature extraction and in dimensionality reduction. This paper puts forth the experimental results of LR model an...

S imple LR and RC circuits are familiar to generations of physics students as examples of single-exponential growth and decay in the relevant voltages, currents, and charges. An element of novelty can be introduced by connecting two (instead of one) LR coils in parallel with a battery. The resulting circuit can still be treated using little more than the basic tools (Kirchhoff ’s rules plus a t...

Given a parse tree for a sentence xyz and a string w , an incremental parser builds the parse tree for the modified sentence xwz by re-using as much of the parse tree for xyz as possible. A key observation of the LR parser is that, if a string of tokens α can be reduced to a nonterminal A in some state, then α must be reduced to A in all "similar" states as long as the look-ahead condition of t...

There has been much recent interest in languages whose grammar is sufficiently simple that an efficient left-to-right parsing algorithm can be mechanically produced from the grammar. In this paper, we define LR(k) grammars, which are perhaps the most general ones of this type, and they provide the basis for understanding all of the special tricks which have been used in the construction of pars...

The transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-2 cell nonautonomously regulates left-right (LR) development in migrating mesoderm by an unknown mechanism, leading to LR asymmetric gene expression and LR orientation of the heart and gut. Here, we demonstrate that protein kinase C gamma (PKCgamma) mediates phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-2 in right, but not left, animal cap ectoder...

In parsing theory, LL parsing and LR parsing are regarded to be two distinct methods. In this paper the relation between these methods is cla-riied. As shown in literature on parsing theory, for every context-free grammar, a so-called non-deterministic LR(0) automaton can be constructed. Here, we show, that traversing this automaton in a special way is equivalent to LL(1) parsing. This automato...

Label Ranking (LR) problems, such as predicting rankings of financial analysts, are becoming increasingly important in data mining. While there has been a significant amount of work on the development of learning algorithms for LR in recent years, preprocessing methods for LR are still very scarce. However, some methods, like Naive Bayes for LR and APRIORI-LR, cannot deal with real-valued data ...

We propose a low-rank stochastic gradient descent (LR-SGD) method for solving a class of semidefinite programming (SDP) problems. LR-SGD has clear computational advantages over the standard SGD peers as its iterative projection step (a SDP problem) can be solved in an efficient manner. Specifically, LR-SGD constructs a low-rank stochastic gradient and computes an optimal solution to the project...