Hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) tests are commonly used to screen for iron deficiency, but little research has been done to systematically evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these two tests. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZPP/H) ratio as a point-of-service screening test for iron deficiency among preschool-aged children by...

BACKGROUND Iron-deficient erythropoiesis results in excess formation of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), which can be measured instantly and at low assay cost using portable haematofluorometers. ZPP is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration. We examined association...

It is known that Sp2 ⊆ ZPP NP [3]. The reverse direction of whether ZPP is contained in Sp2 remains open. We show that if the zero-error algorithm is allowed to ask only one query to the NP oracle (for any input and random string), then it can be simulated in Sp2. That is, we prove that ZPP ⊆ Sp2. Next we consider whether the above result can be improved as ZPP ⊆ P and point out a difficulty in...

Mesoporous zirconium pyrophosphate(ZPP) adsorbents were synthesized, with six quaternary ammonium salts (Quats), namely, Octyltrimethylammonium (OTMA, C8), Decyltrimethylammonium (DCTMA, C10), Dodecyltrimethylammonium (DDTMA, C12), Tetradecyltrimethylammonium (TDTMA, C14), Hexadecyltrimethylammoium (HDTMA, C16), and Octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA, C18), as template for studying fluoride adso...

The complexity class ZPP (corresponding to zero-error randomized algorithms with access to one NP oracle query) is known to have a number of curious properties. We further explore this class in the settings of time complexity, query complexity, and communication complexity. r For starters, we provide a new characterization: ZPP equals the restriction of BPP where the algorithm is only allowed t...

Hematofluorometric determination of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) is a screening method for the assessment of iron deficiency (ID). Chronic disorders are frequently accompanied by anemias of unclear origin, most probably caused by an impairment of iron metabolism. We investigated the relevance of ZPP for the detection of derangements of iron metabolism in anemias of chronic disorders (ACD). In 19 p...

We studied the relation between the concentrations of lead in blood (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin in blood (ZPP) in a group of 801 men occupationally exposed for more than one year to lead or inorganic lead compounds. Linear regression of PbB on log ZPP provided 95% tolerance intervals for PbB values for a given ZPP value. The intervals we found are too large to warrant the estimation of PbB on...

Claim 1 ZPP = RP ∩ coRP and hence ZPP ⊆ BPP. Claim 2 ZPP consists of languages L for which there exists a machine M running in expected polynomial time and for which: Pr[M(x) = χL(x)] = 1. (A machine runs in expected polynomial time if there exists a polynomial p such that for all x, the expected running time of M(x) is at most p(|x|).) Summarizing what we have so far: P ⊆ ZPP ⊆ RP ⊆ BPP. Howev...

We show the following new lowness results for the probabilistic class ZPP NP. The class AM \ coAM is low for ZPP NP. As a consequence it follows that Graph Iso-morphism and several group-theoretic problems known to be in AM \ coAM are low for ZPP NP. The class IPPP/poly], consisting of sets that have interactive proof systems with honest provers in P/poly are also low for ZPP NP. We consider lo...

To establish the relationship between Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations and blood lead (PbB) levels and to identify reliable analytical methods of ZPP and Protoporhyrin (PP), blood samples were obtained from 263 office workers without the history of occupational lead exposure and 49 lead-acid battery workers. The mean concentrations of PbB for the normal adults and the battery workers we...