Exposure of human immunodeficiency virus to the nucleoside analogue lamivudine (3TC) rapidly selects for resistant variants with a valine at codon 184 (M184V) in the catalytic site of reverse transcriptase. In vitro, 184V demonstrated increased enzyme fidelity and suppressed zidovudine resistance. Clinical trials demonstrated that 3TC-zidovudine combination therapy results in a strong and susta...

The pharmacokinetic profile of oral zidovudine entrapped in a 50:50 polyactide-coglycolide matrix (nanospheres) was compared to those of standard oral and parenteral zidovudine formulations in rabbits. The bioavailability of zidovudine nanospheres at 50 mg/kg of body weight was 76%, and this dose achieved prolonged exposure to zidovudine compared to standard formulations without an increase in ...

Unlike their parent strains, zidovudine-resistant derivatives of Escherichia coli KL16 and Salmonella typhimurium NCTC 5710 were found to be incapable of incorporating radiolabelled thymidine into their chromosomal DNA. Since incorporation was still prevented in the presence of EDTA, resistance to zidovudine was not associated with a permeability barrier, but appeared to result from the loss of...

BACKGROUND The use of zidovudine is associated with a loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We assessed if zidovudine treatment also affects visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and if uridine supplementation abrogates the adverse effects of zidovudine on VAT. METHODS Rats were fed zidovudine for 21 weeks with or without simultaneous uridine supplementation. Control animals did not receive zido...

To the Editor-A recently published retrospective analysis by Matheson et al. [1] of zidovudine use during pregnancy suggests that antenatal zidovudine therapy may be responsible for a considerable amount ofzidovudine's protective effect in preventing vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV). Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines suggest administ...

Maternal samples were assessed from 96 women enrolled in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 076 to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypic zidovudine resistance at entry, if zidovudine resistance developed on study, and the role of zidovudine resistance in vertical transmission of HIV-1 despite zidovudine therapy. Low and high levels of genot...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of HIV dementia and opportunistic brain disease in AIDS relative to the use of licensed antiretoviral medication (zidovudine, zalcitabine, didanosine, and stavudine). METHOD Medical records were evaluated retrospectively in a longitudinal cohort of 1109 patients with AIDS during the period 1991-4. Treatment groups were defined by start and duration of zido...

Zidovudine delays the progression of infection and prolongs the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but these benefits are limited by dose-related toxicity and the cost of the drug. Dipyridamole, in micromolar concentrations, acts synergistically with zidovudine, reducing the anti-HIV 95% inhibitory concentration of zidovudine 5- to 10-fold in vitro. We sought to e...

OBJECTIVES To respond to the primary safety objective of the Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial 1 (PHPT-1) by studying the evolution of haematological parameters according to zidovudine exposure duration in HIV-1-infected pregnant women. DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of different durations of zidovudine prophylaxis. SETTING 27 hospitals in Thailand. PARTICIPAN...

OBJECTIVES To compare the antiviral activity and safety of a new protease inhibitor, amprenavir (141W94) in combination with lamivudine and zidovudine, versus lamivudine and zidovudine alone in HIV-1 infected, antiretroviral-naive subjects. DESIGN Subjects (n=232) with a CD4 T cell count of > or =200 cells/mm3, plasma HIV-1 RNA levels of > or =10000 copies/ml, and < or =4 weeks of prior nucle...