This paper examines the changes in the population biology and biomass of common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea from 1995-2004. For most years during this 10-year period, we estimated the age structure of the catch, length-weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stages determined from ovaria...

Abstract The mechanisms determining habitat use in animal populations have important implications for population dynamics, conservation, and management. Here, we investigated how an increase annual numbers of brown bear females with cubs the year (FCOY) a growing, yet threatened population, could explain differences characteristics around reproductive dens. Habitat FCOY dens were compared betwe...

During the 8th Five-Year Plan Period (1991-1995), China achieved an average annual economic growth rate of 12 percent, with a tremendous success. Yet at the same time it also experienced serious inflation, with the residents consumer price index rising at an annual average rate of 12.9 percent, and even reaching a peak of 24.1 percent in 1994. In view of this problem, in the Proposal on the 9th...

OBJECTIVES Our study examines the differences in estimated risk of developing hypertension in Whites, Blacks, and Mexican-Americans aged > or = 50 for a period of 11 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data came from 9,259 respondents who reported being hypertension-free at the baseline in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with up to five time intervals (1998-2006). Discrete-time sur...