نتایج جستجو برای: xdr

تعداد نتایج: 1279  

Journal: :Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2013
Anucha Apisarnthanarak David K Warren

TO THE EDITOR—Extremely drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen with increasing relevance worldwide [1]. Although outbreaks of XDR A. baumannii have been reported in several settings around the world [2–4], infection control interventions to limit XDR A. baumannii transmission among patients undergoing surgical procedures have been rarely reported...

2013
Borna Müller Violet N. Chihota Manormoney Pillay Marisa Klopper Elizabeth M. Streicher Gerrit Coetzee Andre Trollip Cindy Hayes Marlein E. Bosman Nicolaas C. Gey van Pittius Thomas C. Victor Sebastien Gagneux Paul D. van Helden Robin M. Warren

BACKGROUND South Africa shows one of the highest global burdens of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB). Since 2002, MDR-TB in South Africa has been treated by a standardized combination therapy, which until 2010 included ofloxacin, kanamycin, ethionamide, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Since 2010, ethambutol has been replaced by cycloserine or terizido...

2014
Christoph Lange Ibrahim Abubakar Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar Graham Bothamley Jose A. Caminero Anna Cristina C. Carvalho Kwok-Chiu Chang Luigi Codecasa Ana Correia Valeriu Crudu Peter Davies Martin Dedicoat Francis Drobniewski Raquel Duarte Cordula Ehlers Connie Erkens Delia Goletti Gunar Günther Elmira Ibraim Beate Kampmann Liga Kuksa Wiel de Lange Frank van Leth Jan van Lunzen Alberto Matteelli Dick Menzies Ignacio Monedero Elvira Richter Sabine Rüsch-Gerdes Andreas Sandgren Anna Scardigli Alena Skrahina Enrico Tortoli Grigory Volchenkov Dirk Wagner Marieke J. van der Werf Bhanu Williams Wing-Wai Yew Jean-Pierre Zellweger Daniela Maria Cirillo

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) substantially challenges TB control, especially in the European Region of the World Health Organization, where the highest prevalence of MDR/XDR cases is reported. The current management of patients with MDR/XDR-TB is extremely complex for medical, social and public health systems. The treatment wi...

Journal: :Bio-medical materials and engineering 2014
Zhaogang Sun Weicong Ren Yuhui Xu Haiqing Zhang Chuanyou Li

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) imposes a new threat to the world. In this study, XDR-TB and drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) strains with similar genotypes were investigated. The results showed that BLAB/C mice infected with XDR-TB had reduced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 expression in lung tissues than DS-TB mice at 2 weeks post-infection. Mice infected with XDR-TB showed low...

Journal: :The Indian journal of medical research 2009
Surendra K Sharma Ninoo George Tamilarasu Kadhiravan Pradip K Saha Hemant K Mishra Mahmud Hanif

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a difficult-to-treat form of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). High rates of XDR-TB have been reported from India. We sought to ascertain the prevalence of XDR-TB among patients with MDR-TB treated at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India. METHODS Case records of patients treated for MDR-TB at the All Ind...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009
Sanjay Basu Gerald H Friedland Jan Medlock Jason R Andrews N Sarita Shah Neel R Gandhi Anthony Moll Prashini Moodley A Willem Sturm Alison P Galvani

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) has been detected in most provinces of South Africa, particularly in the KwaZulu-Natal province where several hundred cases have been reported since 2004. We analyzed the transmission dynamics of XDR TB in the region using mathematical models, and observed that nosocomial transmission clusters of XDR TB may emerge into community-based epidemics u...

Journal: :The European respiratory journal 2009
G B Migliori G Sotgiu M D'Arcy Richardson R Centis A Facchini G Guenther A Spanevello C Lange

The subject is quite topical, as TB programmes and clinicians are searching for solutions to treat MDR/XDR-TB most effectively. Recently published studies and a systematic review have shown that XDR-TB is associated with higher probability of failure and death, and lower probability of treatment success than MDR-TB [2–7]. The XDR-TB-defining drugs have been studied to evaluate their role in det...

Journal: :BMC Infectious Diseases 2008
Stefan H Blaas Ralf Mütterlein Johannes Weig Albert Neher Bernd Salzberger Norbert Lehn Ludmila Naumann

BACKGROUND Multi drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) remains a major threat to public health, reinforced by recent reports about the clinical course of patients infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains in South Africa. There is little information about the clinical course of XDR tuberculosis patients in industrialised countries. METHODS We evaluated a...

2016
Sameer Adwani Unnati D. Desai Jyotsna M. Joshi

Background: India is a high burden country for Tuberculosis (TB). As per the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, 24000 cases of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) TB were diagnosed in India in 2014. MDR-TB patients consist of a heterogeneous cohort and management has its challenges. Aims and objectives: We studied the prevalence of PreExtensively Drug Resistant TB (Pre XDR-TB) and Extensively D...

Journal: :JAMA 2008
N Sarita Shah Robert Pratt Lori Armstrong Valerie Robison Kenneth G Castro J Peter Cegielski

CONTEXT Worldwide emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has raised global public health concern, given the limited therapy options and high mortality. OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology of XDR-TB in the United States and to identify unique characteristics of XDR-TB cases compared with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and drug-susceptible TB cases. DESIGN, SETTING...

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