: In this study we fabricated Zinc Oxide thin film by sol-gel dip coating method on glass substrate. X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and its optimization have been used for characterization and extracting physical parameters of the film. Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been applied for this optimization process. Independent information was exploited from Fourier transform of Fresnel reflectivity normalized...

in this paper, zno thin film is deposited on slide glass substrate using the sol-gel process. presenting well-defined orientation of zno thin films nanostructure were obtained by dip coating of zinc acetate dihydrate, monoethanolamine (mea), de-ionized water and isopropanol alcohol. the annealed zno thin films were transparent ca 85-90% in visible range with an absorption edges at about 375 nm....

The x-ray standing wave method ~XSW! and high-resolution x-ray diffraction were used to study the structural perfection and polarity of GaN epitaxial thin film grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on the Si-face SiC substrate. The x-ray standing wave was generated inside the 300 nm thin film under the condition of Bragg diffraction from the film. Excellent crystalline quality of the GaN film wa...

In the present work an environmentally friendly recycling system to peel away the base coat from the X-ray film by using an enzyme was developed. Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the waste apex of pineapple was used for stripping the silver layer on the exposed film by hydrolysis of gelatin. The collected film can be reused for the manufacturing of X-ray film or other materials li...

the surface and interfacial analysis of silicon oxide film on silicon substrate is particularly crucial in the nano-electronic devices. for this purpose, series of experiments have been demonstrated to grow oxide film on si (111) substrate. then these films have been used to study the structure of the film by using x-ray photo emission spectroscopy (xps) technique. the obtained results indicate...

METHOD A 14" X 17" Kodak Industrial x-ray film, type M, is placed on a smooth surface in a darkroom. The original photoscan is superimposed on this film, and then both covered with a 15" X 18" glass plate, one-fourth inch thick, and exposed to an incadescent bulb for a very short period of time, 0.5-2.0 seconds. The ex posed film is developed and a negative picture is obtained. The contrast on ...

An immunologically deficient patient had two large nodular densities on the chest x-ray film. On autopsy, large solid accumulations and diffuse pneumonitis with Pneumocystis carinii were found. This represents an unusual manifestation of Pneumocystis carinii.

Traditionally in the United States, large size chest x-ray film examinations are made with 14 x 17 inch ifims in 15 x 18 inch cassettes. When a survey minifilm reveals a questionable disease process, large films are ordered for further study. This film has become the accepted size through years of routine practice. Its use is habitual and specified in practically all hospitals, clinics and doct...

polyvinylpyrrolidone  /  nickel  oxide  (pvp/nio)  dielectrics  were fabricated  with  sol-gel  method  using  0.2  g  of  pvp  at  different working  temperatures  of  80,  150  and  200  ºc.  structural  properties and surface morphology of the hybrid films were investigated by x-ray  diffraction  (xrd)  and  scanning  electron microscope  (sem) respectively. energy dispersive x-ray spectrosc...