Over the past 25 years, maintenance processes for wooden sleeper turnouts of floating tracks (known as STEDEF) have been insufficient, lacking accurate history and failure cause analyses. Currently, damaged parts are repeatedly replaced without an analysis their failure. Therefore, it has difficult to predict potential damages due lack data on items timing turnout component. This study proposes...

We introduce and investigate sleeper attacks and explore them in the context of anonymous communication, especially mix networks. Sleeper attacks can make use of the interference inherent to mix protocols. Simply by leaving his own messages in a mix network an adversary can learn about the communication of network users. Sleeper attacks can be combined with epistemic attacks, statistical disclo...

Ballast is a porous layer that reduces the effective contact surface between sleeper and ballast. Also, does not have smooth bottom surface, which causes reduction of ballast particles. At field experiments, by installing sensitive papers under sleepers track, cyclic load was imposed passing trains, after certain amount loads, pressure paper removed, measured while in laboratory investigation, ...

The sleeper effect in persuasion is a delayed increase in the impact of a message that is accompanied by a discounting cue. Despite a long history, the sleeper effect has been notoriously difficult to obtain or to replicate, with the exception of a pair of studies by Gruder et al. (1978). We conducted a series of 16 computer-controlled experiments and a replication of the Gruder et al. study to...

AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in pain and distress response of the child when using two different computer-controlled local analgesic delivery systems, the Sleeper One(®) and the WAND(®), and whether this was influenced by the anxiety level of the child. METHODS This randomised controlled trial was conducted among 112 children (56 girls) aged 4...

The latest advancements in computer games offer a domain of human and artificial agent behaviour well suited for analysis and development based on normative multi agent systems research. One of the most influential gaming trends today, Massively Multi Online Role Playing Games (MMORPG), poses new questions about the interaction between the players in the game. If we model the players and groups...

A naturally short sleeper phenotype with a sleep need of less than 6 hours without negative impact on health or performance is rare. We present a case of an acquired short sleeper phenotype after third ventriculostomy. A 59-year-old patient suffering from chronic hydrocephalus reported an average of 7-8 h of nocturnal sleep. After surgical intervention, the patient noted a strikingly reduced sl...

In recent times, the shape of beams evolved from wooden sleepers and then to steel until they reached concrete sleepers. These play a very important role in transferring loads train wheels subgrade layers fixed by railway. This development took place we mono-block paper discusses, through laboratory experiments, effect ultra-high performance mixtures on behavior sleeper B70. The ability these n...

the main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. therefore, railway track desig...