Single-dose activated charcoal therapy involves the oral administration or instillation by nasogastric tube of an aqueous preparation of activated charcoal after the ingestion of a poison. Volunteer studies demonstrate that the effectiveness of activated charcoal decreases with time. Data using at least 50 g of activated charcoal, showed a mean reduction in absorption of 47.3%, 40.07%, 16.5% an...

African woodlands form a major part of the tropical grassy biome and support the livelihoods of millions of rural and urban people. Charcoal production in particular is a major economic activity, but its impact on other ecosystem services is little studied. To address this, our study collected biophysical and social datasets, which were combined in ecological production functions, to assess eco...

Duns are a problematic class of monuments for Argyll. They encompass an ill-defined and diverse range structures, with limited evidence their chronology functions within late prehistoric early historic society, settlement economy. The Isle Islay has notably high concentration duns, especially in its south-east region. We describe small-scale excavation at one these, Dun Fhinn, designed to estab...

The effect of charcoal-drug ratio on the antidotal efficacy of oral activated charcoal was studied in six healthy volunteers in a randomized cross-over study and compared with the adsorption capacity of activated charcoal in vitro. Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 1 g and 5 g were ingested on an empty stomach in 30 ml of water. Immediately afterwards the subjects ingested 50 g of activated charcoal in...

BACKGROUND Charcoal-burning, a new suicide method, emerged in Hong Kong during the latest economic recession. Within 2 months charcoal-burning had become the third most common suicide method. AIMS To examine the characteristics of suicides by charcoal-burning, and to delineate the pathways linking macro-level economic and social changes with the subjective experiences of those surviving a cha...

Fire suppression and changing climate have resulted in increased large wildfire frequency and severity in the western United States, causing carbon cycle impacts. Forest thinning and prescribed burning reduce high-severity fire risk, but require removal of biomass and emissions of carbon from burning. During each fire a fraction of the burning vegetation and soil organic matter is converted int...

BACKGROUND Historical proven wood species have no reported adverse health effect associated with its past use. Different historical proven species have traditionally been used to manufacture different wooden food contact items. This study uses survey questionnaires to assess suppliers', manufacturers', retailers' and consumers' (end-users') preferences for specific wood species, to examine the ...

We compared conventional charcoal separation of antibody-bound and free antigen with a novel method involving magnetizable particles containing charcoal. The magnetizable charcoal separation method was as effective as the conventional method for a wide range of radioimmunoassays, including those for several steroids and small polypeptide hormones. In a detailed comparison of conventional vs. ma...

Wood as a natural organic material is susceptible to biodeterioration by insects, fungi, and bacteria. There is almost no wooden artefact or old wooden element, which is not infected and not damaged, at least partly, by wood-destroying organisms. As ancient wood and wooden artefacts are invaluable, their appropriate restoration is of particular importance. The first step in restoration is the d...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of manufacturing conditions on the adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions by Makino bamboo charcoal. Results show that the specific surface area and iodine number of bamboo charcoal activated at 900 degrees C were larger than those of bamboo charcoal activated at 800 degrees C. The specific surface area of bamboo charcoal activated at ...