BACKGROUND Despite empirical support for an increase in ecosystem productivity with species diversity in synthetic systems, there is ample evidence that this relationship is dependent on environmental characteristics, especially in structurally more complex natural systems. Empirical support for this relationship in forests is urgently needed, as these ecosystems play an important role in carbo...

Hybrids as various resources have valuable importance in tree breeding. Today, improvement programs by using poplar and willows and their hybrids play basic role in supplying wood and decreasing pressure on natural forests. This research was carried out in order to study inter-generic hybridization possibility between Salix aegyptica and Populus caspica species from Salicaceae to achieve new hy...

this study was accomplished in iran to investigate waste of common log sawing methods and to propose new sawing method. the old methods were performed due to difficulties on carrying logs out of forest. it seems necessary to change old methods due to development of sawmills and forest harvesting plans. the dimensions of wood products were collected to calculate the waste of old sawing methods ....

Intense international competition pushes the actors of wood supply chains to implement efficient chain management incorporating coordinated cost-saving strategies remain competitive. In order observe effects individual and decision making, mixed-integer programming models for forestry, round-wood transport, wood-based industry were developed integrated. The deal with operational planning issues...

Background: In the face of increasing wood demand in climate change context, fast-growing species are considered as a current solution. However, ability agroforestry systems to contribute bridging gap between and supply mitigation also depends on properties species, which vary based locality. The objective this study was evaluate potential Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth. Benin whi...

In 1997, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation launched the four year Addressing Tobacco in Managed Care (ATMC) initiative designed to promote the implementation of evidence based tobacco interventions in managed care settings. As part of this initiative, a baseline survey of managed health care plans was conducted in 1997-98 for the primary purpose of assessing the extent to which health plans we...

growing the water consuming and shortage of available fresh water resources, make “effluent reuse” an unavoidable issue in industry for supplying a part of needs for required water. on the other hand, increment in the production of paper products from wood and recycling their consumed products which release pollutants to the environment has increased the environmental concerns. thus, in present...