To evaluate the effect of intramuscular administration of vitamin A in pregnant dairy cows during late stages of pregnancy, on vitamin A status of neonatal calves, a total of 30 cows were randomly selected and divided into three groups; two treatment groups and one control group. Single intramuscular injection of 2000000 IU vitamin A; was carried in 10 dairy cows at 7 months of pregnancy (group...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form of starter and alfalfa hay (AH) provision on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves. Forty-four 3d-old Holstein dairy calves with a mean starting BW of 39.9 ± 1.1 kg were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The factors were dietary forage level (0 or 150 g kg-1</sup...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oils(EO)on nutrients digestibility, blood parameters and growth performanceof neonatal dairy calves during eight weeks. Sixty suckling dairy calves with an initial body weight (43.2±3.8 kg) were randomly allocated to five treatments including CO, contr...

this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding alfalfa hay and starter fiber level on feed intake and performance of holstein dairy calves, using thirty two male calves in a completely randomized design assigned to four diets in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. the experimental treatments were as follow: t1: starter with low fiber and without alfalfa hay, t2: starter with low fibe...

BACKGROUND: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a primary cause of neonatal calf diarrhea worldwide, and is also associated with acute diarrhea in adult cattle during the winter season, resulting heavy economic losses to both dairy and beef industry throughout the world. OBJECTIVE: The Objective of the present study was to screen the fecal samples for BCoV collected from diarrhea from six geographic r...

probiotics are used to control or maintain a constant state of intestinal bacteria. when the bacterial populations are altered by stress or antibiotic therapy, animal health and performance may decline. this experiment was designed to study the effects of feeding a probiotic (saccharomyces cerevisiae cncm i-1079) on growth and health of neonatal holstein calves. forty –five neonatal holstein ca...

iv General Preface v Acknowledgements vi List of Tables xi List of Figures xiii List of Abbreviations xiv List of Publications xv Chapter one: Introduction 1 Chapter two: Neonatal calf diarrhoea: a literature overview 4 2.1. The principles of rearing of newborn dairy calves, with particular reference to the situation in New Zealand 4 2.2. The economic impact of neonatal calf diarrhoea 8 2.3. Ae...