The concentration of animals in hedgerows also attracts predators from the surroundings 43’ (Fig. 6.10), just as hunters are attracted to wooded strips.299 Where large woods are scarce, certain owls and other predators require two or more smaller woods for their home range. So in a corridor connecting the woods, not much escapes the eyes and silent wing-beat of an owl. Nevertheless, compared wi...

Boron deficiency was first recorded in Australia in the 1930s in apple trees growing in Tasmania and New South Wales. Subsequently the deficiency was found in a wide range of pasture and crop plants. Crops with higher boron requirements such as lucerne, sunflowers, rapeseed, cauliflower and apples are most likely to respond to boron. Pine trees, which are commonly used in tree lots and as windb...

Agroforestry, the deliberate integration of trees into agricultural operations, sequesters carbon (C) while providing valuable services on agricultural lands. However, methods to quantify present and projected C stocks in these open-grown woody systems are limited. As an initial step to address C accounting in agroforestry systems, a spatial Markov random field model for predicting the natural ...

i Abstract In the present study, the effect of the trees in windbreaks on the leeward airflow is investigated, for the first time, employing numerical models. Different arrangements of windbreaks have been considered: (i) a single row of cypress trees, (ii) two rows of cypress trees and (iii) two rows of cypress trees with a low hedge that represent shrubs in the first row. The RANS equations h...

• Effect of windbreaks on paddock microclimate highly dependent time year/day Effects are most pronounced during extreme environmental conditions Windbreak effects temperature/humidity summer Windbreaks reduced wind by up to 70%, but varied with speed and direction Understanding windbreak variability is important for predicting agricultural benefits modify microclimatic within systems, however ...