a solid state fermentation method was developed for the production of citric acid from date pulp (obtained of date syrup production from the process) by aspergillus niger ptcc 5010. poor yield was obtained when potassium ferrocyanide treated date pulp were used as substrate, but methanol at a 3-4% concentration markedly increased the forma-tion of citric acid from the waste. the optimum range o...

Wind power is growing fast all over the world, and in Sweden alone thousands of turbines has been installed the last few decades. Although the number of decommissioned turbines so far is very low, the rapid installation rate indicates that a similar rapid decommissioning rate is to be expected shortly. If the waste material from these turbines is not handled sustainably the whole concept of win...

Entitled Meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) drinking water and sanitation target A mid-term assessment of progress, the report details the progress of individual countries, regions, and the world as a whole between the MDG baseline year of 1990 and the half-way mark of 2002. It makes two significant predictions on reaching the 2015 goals, based on progress to date: • The global sani...

The expansion of oil palm cultivation in Indonesia has been driven by a strong world demand for food especially fats and oils. Commencing in the island of Sumatra, it spread out to other island like Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Irian but not to the island of Bali which was already well developed. The role of palm oil in developing remote inland regions and improving the standard of living of rural ...

We obtain the exact analytic form of the growth index at present epoch (a = 1) in a flat universe with the cosmological constant (i.e. the dark energy with its equation of state ωde = −1). For the cosmological constant, we obtain the exact value of the current growth index parameter γ = 0.5547, which is very close to the well known value 6/11. We also obtain the exact analytic solution of the g...

The increasing ability to interconnect computers through internetworking, wireless networks, high-bandwidth satellite, and cable networks has spawned a new class of information-centered applications based on data dissemination. These applications, which often serve huge client populations, employ broadcast to efficiently deliver data to the clients. In data dissemination, the data transfer is i...

By causing high amounts of household food waste, German households contribute significantly to serious global threats for the environment. Unfortunately, current information campaigns, conducted by several food waste-prevention initiatives, often lack in recipient’s perceived relevance of provided recommendations on how to prevent household food waste by improving the performance of relevant fo...

This concept paper summarizes key “hotspots” for waste generation along the food supply chain and identifies a range of existing solutions/measures that can help producers, retailers and consumers reduce the amount of food that is wasted. The majority of food waste of 71–92 kg/head/year in Western Europe was found to originate from private households (61%), followed by restaurants and canteens ...