BACKGROUND White matter (WM) fibers connect different brain regions and are critical for proper brain function. However, little is known about the cerebral blood flow in WM and its relation to WM microstructure. Recent improvements in measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) by means of arterial spin labeling (ASL) suggest that the signal in white matter may be detected. Its implications for physiol...

Background: Accurate brain tissue segmentation from magnetic resonance (MR) images is an important step in analysis of cerebral images. There are software packages which are used for brain segmentation. These packages usually contain a set of skull stripping, intensity non-uniformity (bias) correction and segmentation routines. Thus, assessment of the quality of the segmented gray matter (GM), ...

To facilitate quantification of cerebellum cerebral blood flow (CBF), studies were performed to systematically optimize arterial spin labeling (ASL) parameters for measuring cerebellum perfusion, segment cerebellum to obtain separate CBF values for grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM), and compare FAIR ASST to PICORE. Cerebellum GM and WM CBF were measured with optimized ASL parameters using ...

The behavior economics play a prominent role for human decision making. Human behavior on the other hand depends on functioning of the brain behavior. So behavior economics is a factor for decision making. By using behavioral discipline, economists’ can understand how people make decisions as individuals and for policymakers as a whole. Gray matter represents information processing centers in t...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can detect, in vivo, the directionality of molecular diffusion and estimate the microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) tracts. In this study, we examined WM changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are at greater risk for developing AD. A DTI index of WM integrity, fractional anisot...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE White matter lesions (WML) in brain aging are linked to dementia and depression. Ischemia contributes to their pathogenesis but other mechanisms may contribute. We used RNA microarray analysis with functional pathway grouping as an unbiased approach to investigate evidence for additional pathogenetic mechanisms. METHODS WML were identified by MRI and pathology in brains...

BACKGROUND Although schizophrenia has been associated with abnormalities in brain anatomy, imaging studies have not fully determined the nature and relative contributions of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) disturbances underlying these findings. We sought to determine the pattern and distribution of these GM and WM abnormalities. Furthermore, we aimed to clarify the contribution of abnor...

OBJECTIVE Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a severe side effect of antipsychotics. While increasing evidence suggests that damaged brain microcircuitry of white matter (WM) is responsible for the clinical symptoms in schizophrenia, no reports of WM abnormality associated with TD were noted. METHOD Brain white matter abnormalities were investigated among 20 schizophrenia patients with TD (Schizophre...

We investigated patterns of white matter (WM) loss in 18 early onset (EO) and 24 late onset (LO) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared with 42 healthy controls (HC), and explored relationships of WM atrophy and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype. Subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patterns of WM were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Compared with healthy controls, LO...

The human frontal lobe has undergone accelerated evolution, leading to the development of unique human features such as language and self-reflection. Cortical grey matter and underlying white matter reflect distinct cellular compositions in the frontal lobe. Surprisingly little is known about the transcriptomal landscape of these distinct regions. Here, for the first time, we report a detailed ...