In this paper‎, ‎we study the class of rings in which every $P$-flat‎ ‎ideal is flat and which will be called $PFF$-rings‎. ‎In particular‎, ‎Von Neumann regular rings‎, ‎hereditary rings‎, ‎semi-hereditary ring‎, ‎PID and arithmetical rings are examples of $PFF$-rings‎. ‎In the context domain‎, ‎this notion coincide with‎ ‎Pr"{u}fer domain‎. ‎We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for‎...

This paper investigates how non-oil international organisations (NOIO) in Libyan post-crisis assess management training and development programme (MTDP) needs. The current situation of MTDP needs assessment and factors that may influence MTDP are investigated. Questionnaire was distributed to (150) managers from nineteen NOIO. We find that performance and experience were the most common MTDPNA ...

Beginning computer science students often have great difficulty with the analysis and design of solutions to programming related problems. Using the Shuttle Puzzle problem as a vehicle the process of analyzing a problem and synthesizing observations into an algorithm is presented in a detailed, step-by-step manner. Introduction When I was child and went to visit my grandparents, I would often e...

Congestion control in signaling systems is a necessity to fulfil the requirements of a telecommunication network that aims satisfy the customers’ requirements on service quality. Heavy network load is an important source of customer dissatisfaction as congested networks result in deteriorated service quality. Sessions of a signaling service with high real time demands which are subject to unacc...

Neurobrucellosis (N.B) is a rare and severe form of systemic Brucella infection. We introduced an unusual case that “Psychologic Symptoms” was the most prominent complaints of his family. He was a 50-year-old man who has worked in butchery. His problems had begun 2 months prior to his admission with mood disorders, arthralgia, weakness, headache, and night sweats; he has recurrent crying with n...