growing usage of animals in the research projects has drawn more attention to their welfare and ethics surrounding this practice. dissemination of information about the existing ethical consideration and alternatives in animal experiments has two important functions; first, it increases the researcher's awareness of the possible methods of using animals in the experiment, and second, to ensure ...

Here, I provide a guide for those new to the burgeoning field of animal welfare science as to what this comprehensive, relatively young discipline is all about. Drawing on all branches of biology, including behavioural ecology and neuroscience, the science of animal welfare asks three big questions: Are animals conscious? How can we assess good and bad welfare in animals? How can we use science...

Implementing service delivery systems based on the bio-psycho-social model requires a collaborative approach. The model draws attention to the genetic, physiological, psychological, social and cultural elements that influence health. At its simplest, integration ensures a person receives care that addresses multiple needs in a coordinated and efficient way. Mental health and substance use probl...

This paper investigates a pollutant abatement investment under ambiguity in a twoperiod setting. We consider there are representative consumer and firm in an economy and formulate the social welfare maximization problem. Then we numerically derive the optimal level of abatement investment. Furthermore, we analyze the comparative static effects of the model’s parameters and find an increase in t...

In debates about the welfare of animals, different people have tended to emphasize different concerns. Some emphasize the basic health and functioning of animals, especially freedom from disease and injury. Others emphasize the "affective states" of animals – states like pain, distress and pleasure that are experienced as positive or negative. Others emphasize the ability of animals to live rea...

in 1930s, the idea of providing general welfare and welfare state appeared in industrial countries due to the belief in the ability of left forces in solving misfortunes that people entangled in; because of financial crisis in industrialized societies, expanded poverty, starvation and epidemic diseases which led millions of people to the hopelessness. welfare states achieved outstanding success...

animal welfare considerations are becoming increasingly important for farming of animals, both in tunisia and internationally. practices which may have once been deemed acceptable are now being reassessed in the light of new knowledge and changing attitudes. and a clearly defined concept of welfare is needed for use in precise scientific measurements. if animal welfare is to be compared in diff...

The methodology for the scientific assessment of animal welfare has developed rapidly in recent years and has become a major scientific discipline. The concepts of welfare, need, stress, health, pain, emotion and feeling are now clarified. In teaching, legislation and practical work referring to animal welfare, a clear definition that can be related to other concepts is needed. The welfare of a...