To evaluate the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on weight reduction in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), a network meta-analysis was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from 1950 to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving GLP-1 RAs were included if they provided informatio...

Background: Trying to find a drug with more clinical efficacy in treating obesity is one of the priorities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of orlistat, sibutramine, lorcaserin and metformin on weight loss in obese people. Methods: The databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochran Library were searched up to November 2016. In present study search strategy was perfo...

BACKGROUND Weight-loss maintenance remains a major challenge in obesity treatment. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of anti-obesity drugs, diet, or exercise on weight-loss maintenance after an initial very-low-calorie diet (VLCD)/low-calorie diet (LCD) period (<1000 kcal/d). DESIGN We conducted a systematic review by using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, ...

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have consistently reported positive associations between obesity and colon cancer risk for men, but the evidence is less consistent for women. Few studies have investigated effects of weight change on colon cancer risk. METHODS Using the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, which recruited men and women mostly in 40 to 69 years of age, we investigated associa...

IMPORTANCE A simple, reliable anthropometric tool for rapid estimation of weight in children would be useful in limited-resource settings where current weight estimation tools are not uniformly reliable, nearly all global under-five mortality occurs, severe acute malnutrition is a significant contributor in approximately one-third of under-five mortality, and a weight scale may not be immediate...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Our aim was to investigate prospectively the association between two major cardiovascular risk factors: smoking and weight gain. METHODS We prospectively evaluated 7565 individuals taking part in a dynamic cohort study over a median follow-up period of 50 months. Self-reported weight and physical activity levels had been validated previously. The adjusted mean diff...

OBJECTIVE To examine weight change by diabetes status among participants receiving a Mediterranean-style diet, physical activity, and weight loss intervention adapted for delivery in the southeastern USA, where rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are disproportionately high. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The intervention included: Phase I (months 1-6), an individually tailored intervention pr...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between gestational weight gain and adverse neonatal outcomes among infants born at term (37 weeks or more). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 20,465 nondiabetic, term, singleton births. We performed univariable and multivariable analyses of the associations between gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes. We categorized gestational w...

BACKGROUND Obesity is common in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and is associated with increased risk of morbidity and all-cause mortality. This analysis describes weight changes associated with insulin detemir initiation in real-life clinical practice. METHODS Study of Once-Daily Levemir (SOLVE) was a 24-week international observational study of once-daily insulin detemir as add-on therapy in patient...

BACKGROUND Concerns about postcessational weight gain might hamper rather than encourage smokers to quit smoking. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive multi-institutional smoking cessation program for health care and industrial workers (n = 654) employed at University Hospital Basel (Switzerland) and two local health industry companies (Novartis International AG, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG). The...