Mammalian transcription factor ATF6 is constitutively synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Upon ER stress ATF6 is transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is cleaved to release its cytoplasmic domain. This is then translocated into the nucleus where it activates transcription of ER-localized molecular chaperones and folding enzymes to mai...

Although OSER formation does not appear overtly harmful to cultured cells, nondimerizing forms of the tag are probably a more prudent choice for most studies. ᭿ lthough normally seen as a branching network of membranes, the endo-plasmic reticulum can quickly and dramatically reorganize into a variety of regular, tightly stacked arrays. Referring to these structures collectively as organized smo...

OBJECTIVE To compare signal intensity (SI) correction using scale and rescale slopes with SI correction using SIs of spleen and muscle for quantifying multiphase hepatic contrast enhancement with Gd-EOB-DTPA by assessing their correlation with T1 values generated from Look-Locker turbo-field-echo (LL-TFE) sequence data (ER-T1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhan...

Although OSER formation does not appear overtly harmful to cultured cells, nondimerizing forms of the tag are probably a more prudent choice for most studies. ᭿ lthough normally seen as a branching network of membranes, the endo-plasmic reticulum can quickly and dramatically reorganize into a variety of regular, tightly stacked arrays. Referring to these structures collectively as organized smo...

In order to make conditional alleles of the v-myb oncogene, we constructed and tested avian retroviruses which produce a number of different fusion proteins between v-Myb and the human estrogen receptor (ER). We found that the portion of the ER used in making these fusions profoundly affected their transcriptional activation. However, all the fusions tested were only weakly transforming in embr...

Cathepsin D (CD, EC 3.4.23.5) is a lysosomal protease induced by estrogen in certain estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines but produced constitutively by ER-negative cell lines. Our aims in this investigation were to study the distribution of CD in human breast cancers and to relate its concentrations to various biochemical, histological, and clinical characteristics. The con...

We mapped the cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and ER mRNAs in the male reproductive system of the rat during development and adulthood by in situ hybridization. The expression patterns of ER mRNA in the gonad, efferent duct and initial segment of the epididymis during the perinatal period were essentially similar to those of the adult: ER mRNA signals were expressed most intensely...

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study two new classes of functions called weakly $e^{*}$-open functions and weakly $e^{*}$-closed functions via the concept of $e^{*}$-open set defined by Ekici cite{erd1}. The notions of weakly $e^{*}$-open and weakly $e^{*}$-closed functions are weaker than the notions of weakly $beta$-open and weakly $beta$-closed functions defined by Caldas and Nava...