We know of four fundamental forces in nature: the electromagnetic, weak, strong, and gravitational interactions [1]. The interaction between electrons and nuclei in atoms is predominantly electromagnetic, but there are tiny effects from the weak force. The weak force only acts over a distance that is as short as 0.1% the diameter of a proton, and the size of its effects in an atom is many order...

Density functional theory is applied to ion-induced nucleation of polarizable multipolar molecules. The asymmetric nature of the ion–molecule interaction is shown to cause the sign preference in ion-induced nucleation. When the ion–molecule interaction is weak, the observed sign preference is consistent with that of the bare ion–molecule interaction potential and decreases with increasing super...

The lightest open charm mesons — the D0, D, and Ds — decay through the weak interaction, and the majority of their decays are to final states containing only hadrons. These mesons and their hadronic decays lie at an intersection of weak and strong physics: the easiest detection of charmed states for flavor physics is through hadronic decays with large rates and simple topologies, while the deca...

Weak decays and mixing of B-hadrons play a special role in our understanding of the physics of the Standard Model and beyond. The measured amplitudes, however, result from a complicated interplay of weak and strong interaction effects. Understanding strong interaction dynamics, which becomes simpler for heavy quarks, is thus a fundamental part of the game. In this review, several theoretical as...

Structural flexibility of molecule-based systems is key to realizing the novel functionalities. Tuning the structure in the atomic scale enables us to manipulate the quantum state in the molecule-based system. Here we present the reversible Hamiltonian manipulation in a single-molecule quantum dot consisting of an iron phthalocyanine molecule attached to an Au electrode and a scanning tunnellin...

Let −∆ denote the Dirichlet Laplace operator on a bounded open set in Rd. We study the sum of the negative eigenvalues of the operator −h∆− 1 in the semiclassical limit h → 0+. We give a new proof that yields not only the first term of the asymptotic formula but also the second term involving the surface area of the boundary of the set. The proof is valid under weak smoothness assumptions on th...

In this paper we shall repair some errors and fill some gaps in the inner model theory of [2]. The problems we shall address affect some quite basic definitions and proofs. We shall be concerned with condensation properties of canonical inner models constructed from coherent sequences ~ E of extenders as in [2]. Condensation results have the general form: if x is definable in a certain way over...

Objective(s): The novel 7-hydroxycoumarinyl gallates derivatives are detected in many pharmaceutical compounds like anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Whereas carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been discussed for nanomedicine applications and in particular as drug delivery systems. The capability of armchair (5, 5) SWCNT -based drug delivery system in the therapy of anticancer has been investigated...