The interaction of water vapor with hydrophobic surfaces is poorly understood. We utilize graphene templating to preserve and visualize the microscopic structures of adsorbed water on hydrophobic surfaces. Three well-defined surfaces [H-Si(111), graphite, and functionalized mica] were investigated, and water was found to adsorb as nanodroplets (∼10-100 nm in size) on all three surfaces under am...

Water drives the functioning of Earth's arid and semiarid lands. Drylands can obtain water from sources other than precipitation, yet little is known about how non-rainfall water inputs influence dryland communities and their activity. In particular, water vapor adsorption--movement of atmospheric water vapor into soil when soil air is drier than the overlying air--likely occurs often in drylan...

Near-surface air moisture observations from Phoenix and Curiosity display diurnal adsorption, which appears insensitive to mineralogy of regolith. To study this, adsorptive column model simulations are made for midsummer at Phoenix, validated against recalibrated TECP water vapor pressures p. Two standard-form (= obeying the van't Hoff equilibrium law) adsorption isotherms with quite different ...

A one-dimensional soil model has been developed to better predict heat and water exchanges in arid and semiarid regions. New schemes to calculate evaporation and adsorption in the soil were incorporated in the model. High performance of the model was confirmed by comparison of predicted surface fluxes, soil temperature, and volumetric soil water content with those measured in the Negev Desert, ...

HYPOTHESIS Droplet wettability and mobility play an important role in dropwise condensation heat transfer. Heat exchangers and heat pipes operate at liquid-vapor saturation. We hypothesize that the wetting behavior of liquid water on microstructures surrounded by pure water vapor differs from that for water droplets in air. EXPERIMENTS The static and dynamic contact angles and contact angle h...

Alcohol (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and 1-butanol) and water vapor adsorption in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8, ZIF-71 and ZIF-90) with similar crystal sizes was systematically studied. The feasibility of applying these ZIF materials to the recovery of bio-alcohols is evaluated by estimating the vapor-phase alcohol-water sorption selectivity.

probable poor cohesion. The upper surface might be slightly indurated [2]. The MER rover may have the opportunity to examine this deposit, which occurs near the center of the Gusev landing ellipse. The deposition of other airfall units in the Sinus Meridiani region coincides with increased erosional activity there, suggesting a role for airfall deposits in the delivery or mobilization of volati...

-Tetramethylphosphonium-smectite (TMP-clay) and tetramethylammonium-smectite (TMAclay), were prepared and characterized as adsorbents for a series of aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The sorption of benzene, alkylbenzenes, and carbon tetrachloride as vapors and as solutes from water was studied to evaluate the effect of water on adsorption efficiency. Adsorption of organic vapors depended...

The drying of dichloromethane with a molecular sieve 3A packed bed process is modeled and experimentally verified. In the process, the dichloromethane is dried in the liquid phase and the adsorbent is regenerated by water desorption with dried dichloromethane product in the vapor phase. Adsorption equilibrium experiments show that dichloromethane does not compete with water adsorption, because ...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS In the oil industry, asphaltenes are known for their tendency to aggregate in solution and to deposit on surfaces, with both properties being connected with operational problems associated with recovery, production and refining. Interactions involving asphaltenes and other crude oil components have been a major aspect of investigation in attempting to understand the fu...