Aldonate coupling, a new, high-yield method for conjugation of reducing oligosaccharides to proteins is described. It involves oxidation of the oligosaccharides to their corresponding aldonic acids followed by coupling to amino functions of proteins by activation of carboxyl groups with a water-soluble carbodiimide derivative. The immunochemical properties of some of these synthetic glycoprotei...

Two improved procedures were developed for activating ferritin so that the ferritin could be covalently linked to antibodies. One procedure involved use of a water-soluble carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide to prepare ferritin-containing activated esters. The other involved activation of the ferritin with excess glutaraldehyde. The ferritin-antibody conjugates prepared with the two procedure...

A carboxymethyl starch (CMS) film was prepared by a process in which gelatinized CMS was dried, and subsequently treated with water-soluble carbodiimide in the presence of zein in 70% ethanol or 70% acetone to form acid-amide cross-linkages in order to increase the hydrophobicity of the surface of the film. A small amount of zein protein was found to be present on the surface of the zein-CMS co...

The mechanism by which ristocetin induces platelet agglutination in the presence of the von Willebrand factor was studied by chemically altering ristocetin and a similar antibiotic, vancomycin, by reaction with a water-soluble carbodiimide in the presence of glycine methyl ester at pH 4.75. Altering ristocetin's phenolic groups (which are thought to be important in its peptide-binding propertie...

I. The role of carboxyl groups in the binding of specific carbohydrates to concanavalin A, the phytohemagglutinin of the jack bean, has been studied using two techniques: (I) H + titration in the presence and absence of methyl a-D-mannopyranoside, a specifically bound carbohydrate ligand and (2) chemical modification of the protein carboxyl groups employing glycine methyl ester and a water-solu...

Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) conjugates with the polylysine comb-type copolymer having an ability to promote and stabilize duplex and triplex DNA formation were prepared. 5'-Aminated ODN was succinylated with succinic anhydride. The resulting ODNs having carboxyl terminus were coupled with epsilon-amino groups of the comb-type copolymer using water soluble carbodiimide. The conjugate free from un...