Abstract Mantle plumes are typically considered secondary features of mantle convection, yet their surface effects over Earth's evolution may have been significant. We use 2‐D convection models to show that can in fact cause the termination a subduction zone. This extreme case plume‐slab interaction is found when slab readily weakened, for example, by damage‐type rheology, and subducting young....

The use of pumps linked in parallel or series in large scale pipe systems is usually inevitable, to meet the required head and discharge. Transient flow occurs following a pump failure in a pump group as a result of variations in the flow rate. This research is an investigation about waterhammer caused by one or more pump-switch off in a pump group when they are connected in parallel. The opera...

A lack of regular access to clean and safe water sanitation is a persistent problem in many parts the world. Most insecurity studies focus on world's less-industrialized lower-income countries, where delivery infrastructure may never have existed. However, individuals higher-income countries experience invisible insecurity, wherein specific households or despite relative wealth their country. I...

Design and construction of a stable current supply with protection circuits are described. The reported circuit provides a high-stable and high-level current variable from 0.5-1.2 A with the protect ion circuits to prevent over load current, voltage and off-range temperature operation. A detailed analysis of the circuit parameters is given and the time behaviors of the load voltage/current and ...