The growing scarcity of fresh water is driving the implementation of wastewater treatment and water reuse on an increasingly large scale. Various methods have been developed and used for water reuse from wastewater; however, the membrane distillation (MD) process, as a promising separation technology, has recently gained more attention. The MD process is a non-isothermal membrane-based separati...

Pervaporation (PV) is a well-established membrane technique used in separation; especially dehydration of organic solvents. Along with other parameters such as permeate pressure and feed temperature; feed composition is an important parameter, which affects separation characteristics and membrane performance in pervaporation. In this paper, the separation characteristics of a hydrophilic polyvi...

The novel nanocomposite membranes were successfully prepared by the incorporation of different concentrations (5, 10, and 15 wt%) of montmorillonite (MMT) as a nanoadditive into a blend of chitosan/polystyrene (CS/PS) at a ratio of 3:1 on the basis of solution-casting method and they were subsequently used for the separation of phenol, p-chlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol from water through p...

5*560μs pulse (a) left: fat+water, right: water-only (b) left: water-only, right: signal null; (c) left: signal null, right: fat-only (d) left: fat-only, right: fat+water. Fig.2. (a) full FOV fat-water separation at 3T with a 5*1136μs pulse; (b) rFOV separation (RFOV=2) with a 9*1136μs pulse; (c) full FOV separation with a 5*720μs pulse; (d) spatially variable separations with a 5*560μs pulse. ...

Sociology of Education 2005, Vol. 78 (April): 144–164 144 Social scientists who have studied the family and those who have studied educational stratification have produced convincing evidence that parental divorce is negatively associated with educational success. Compared to children who live with both parents until adulthood, children from divorced families have lower educational expectations...

Introduction In MRI, fat can be hard to distinguish visually from pathology or contrast agent, due to its high signal intensity in many imaging sequences. Water and fat separation techniques provide an alternative to conventional fat suppression, and are also of interest in body composition applications. Dixon techniques [1] utilize the property of chemical shift to separate water and fat with ...

Column separation refers to the breaking of liquid columns in fully filled pipelines. This may occur in a water hammer event when the pressure drops to the vapor pressure at specific locations such as closed ends, high points or knees (changes in pipe slope). A vapor cavity, driven by the inertia of the parting liquid columns, will start to grow. The cavity acts as a vacuum, a low-pressure poin...