background: the goal was to upgrade and/or uprate the traditional non-contact array by producing few modifications in the configuration of this model in order to maximize light receiving of water from the uv lamp and a better disinfection.  methods: an innovative non-contact model was made with a design based on irradiation of water, which was flowing as two thin waterfalls around a uv lamp in ...

iran is among the world’s arid and semi-arid regions and its demand for water has been increased due topopulation growth, urbanization and the development the economic sectors (industrial and agricultural). inmany of these regions, the lack of planning and the unauthorized use of resources have led to excessiveexploitation and a lower level of groundwater. the usable groundwater for the country...

water resources suitability is one of the most important factors to sustainabilityutilization of natural potential by rangeland grazing suitability. to determine this factor inshort time, low cost and high accuracy are most challenges of experts and ranchers. usingsuitable technique for this subject can be sustainable utilization comprising from rangelandecosystems according to its degradation ...

a full scale physical model of a thin slab caster with a four-hole design submerged entry nozzle (sen) was constructed. on the basis of the dimensionless reynolds and froude similitude criteria, the fluid flow in a full-scale model is similar to that of the actual system and, hence, the data obtained from the water model can be applied to the actual system. in order to determine the optimum ope...

monthly discharge is one of the most important factors considered in designs and hydrological works. some watersheds are not equipped with needed hydrometric equipment. in such a case average monthly discharge could be estimated from regional monthly water balance models of representative watersheds. in this study, thornthwaite & mather (tm) model were used in the pishkouh watershed in arid...

the coast of bangladesh has a specialty in terms of high bending and many off- shore islands. incorporation of the coastline and island boundaries properly in the numerical scheme is essential for accurate estimation of water levels due to surge. for that purpose a numerical scheme consisting of very fine mesh is required along the coastal belt, whereas this is unnecessary away from the coast. in...

we performed molecular dynamics simulations using the coarse-grained model to study the freezing behavior of pure water and 14% water-salt mixture in a wide range of temperatures for a very long time around 50 nanoseconds. for the salty water, an interface in nanoscale was used. for both systems, the freezing behavior of water molecules was studied using some qualities such as density, total en...

evaporation from the soil surface has an important role in the water balance model in nature, so that the major part of rain fall and irrigation water in arid and semi-arid regions is lost via evaporation from the soil surface. in such areas, there are some regions with high water table and because of evaporation from the soil surface, salts accumulation also occur in the soil surface. so evapo...