During its near-ground hovering phase a Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft creates a complex three-dimensional flow field between jet streams, the airframe surface and the ground. A proper understanding and numerical prediction of this flow is important in the design of such aircraft. In this paper an experimental facility, used to gather validation data suitable for testing C...

CONTEXT Quantification of the magnitudes of fluid resistance provided by water jets (currents) and their effect on energy expenditure during aquatic-treadmill walking is lacking in the scientific literature. OBJECTIVE To quantify the effect of water-jet intensity on jet velocity, drag force, and oxygen uptake (VO2) during aquatic-treadmill walking. DESIGN Descriptive and repeated measures. ...

atomization is a process by which a volume of liquid is converted spray. this process includes the breakup of the liquid jet or the liquid sheet exiting the injector. this paper has experimentally investigated the models and mechanisms for the breakup of the liquid jet and the liquid sheet formed by the jets impingement in a still environment and in an environment with counter flow, coflow, and...

A new type of pulsed water jet, which uses principles of self-resonance to create pressure fluctuations, is now being developed. The advantages of pulsing to improve the erosive action of a jet—by interrupting the flow, hence using the water hammer impact stress created by each individual slug—have long been appreciated by the users of water jets for cutting and cleaning applications. Of severa...

An investigation is made into the effects of water jet pressure, nozzle diameter, traverse speed of the nozzle over the rock surface and the number of times the jet passes over the same area on the penetration of a water jet into Indiana limestone. The effectiveness of the cut is judged on the depth of cut established and the specific energy of rock removal. Pressure is varied in the range from...

We present the development of a new underwater laser cutting process in which a water-jet has been used along with the laser beam to remove the molten material through kerf. The conventional underwater laser cutting usually utilizes a high pressure gas jet along with laser beam to create a dry condition in the cutting zone and also to eject out the molten material. This causes a lot of gas bubb...

This paper presents a hydrodissection technique performed with high-speed pulse injection of only 0.1 cc liquid and assess its efficacy, safety, and the level of reduction in posterior capsule rupture complications in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The kinetic energy of moving objects is directly proportional to the mass and to the square of its velocity. The high energy obtained by high...

Water jet-assisted lipoplasty channels a thin, targeted, fan-shaped jet into adipose tissue to loosen tissue structure and release adipocytes. According to the authors, water jet-assisted lipoplasty facilitates preinfiltration of modified tumescent solution to create analgesia, resulting in painless or near painless lipoplasty. The authors contend that, with this method, patient safety has incr...

With the VLBA, we have observed water masers associated with the OH/IR star, W43A, which trace a birth and growth of a molecular jet. The water masers exhibit the collimated distribution (1700 AU: 20 AU) and fast motions (±150 km s). The maser distribution was well fit by a precessing jet model. The jet length has extended by 800 AU within 8 years, indicating that the extension rate is roughly ...

This paper presents the design, development and characterization of contractile water jet thruster (CWJT) for mini underwater robot. Instead of electric motor, this CWJT utilizes the Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) as the actuator to generate the water jet. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the conceptual design of the proposed CWJT which would determine the thrust force value, je...