Background and aims: The main cause of many problems in developing countries is related to the provision of safe drinking water. Since the health of drinking water is important in the busy centers such as hospitals, clinics and health centers, this study was done to investigate the role of water coolers connected to the municipal system in microbial quality of drinking water in...

This paper presents the experimental as well as the simulated performance studies on the transcritical CO2 heat pumps for simultaneous water cooling and heating; effects of water mass flow rates and water inlet temperatures of both evaporator and gas cooler on the cooling and heating capacities, system COP and water outlets temperatures are investigated. Study shows that both the water mass flo...

Peltier technology opens new opportunities for special applications. In the current project, this technology was applied to design and fabricate a portable thermoelectric beverage cooler and thermoelectric cup. The simulation and results of the experiment showed that the common beverage cooler is not a suitable design for ignoring the effect of natural convection in cooling. In our thermoel...

Reduction of energy consumption and rise of cooling is a major concern in the air conditioning system especially in the area with very hot weather conditions. In hot weather conditions, the air conditioner takes more electrical power consumption to bring the comfort in specified area. In many Middle East countries, the atmospheric temperature approaches 40°C to 50°C or sometimes higher. During ...

It has been known that workers of a honey bee colony bring water droplets into their hive, spraying it on the frames and brood cells, and fanning their wings when ambient temperature rises higher than appropriate. Meanwhile several species from Namibian beetles demonstrate unique water harvesting strategies from the morning fog via the bumps and troughs above their elytra, where water droplets ...

Seasonal acclimatisation of thermal tolerance, evaporative water loss and metabolic rate, along with regulation of the hive environment, are key ways whereby hive-based social insects mediate climatic challenges throughout the year, but the relative importance of these traits remains poorly understood. Here, we examined seasonal variation in metabolic rate and evaporative water loss of worker b...