nipple discharge (nd) can be the earliest presenting symptom of breast cancer. we hereby present two cases of breast cancer with no palpable mass manifesting as isolated nd, which was whitish in color. in both cases, cytology of the discharge revealed highly pleomorphic cells indicating a high grade malignancy. mammography showed diffuse, extensive microcalcifications. simple mastectomy with ax...

background : breast cancer, a critical health problem, is considered to be a progressive disease with a poor prognosis if detected late. public education about the disease plays a pivotal role in early detection and subsequent improvements in prognosis. the present study assesses the knowledge and awareness about various aspects of breast cancer among female university students. methods : the k...

BACKGROUND Awareness of detail in ambiguous complaints may help GPs suspect cancer when a malignancy is present. AIM To study the contribution of symptoms and patient characteristics to GPs' suspicions of cancer being present, and to what degree these suspicions were confirmed. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective cohort study of patients in 283 rural and urban general practices throughout Norway...

Use of artificial tanning may be contributing to the increased incidence of skin cancer. Federal law requires warning signs to inform consumers about health risks. All of the tanning facilities in New York City were assessed for compliance with this law during April and May 2010. More than one-third of the 224 tanning machines observed in 47 of the 85 facilities visited did not have any warning...

AIM Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a higher risk of late-stage cancer diagnosis. A number of explanations have been advanced for this, but one which has attracted recent attention is lower patient knowledge of cancer warning signs, leading to delay in help-seeking. However, although there is psychometric evidence of SES differences in knowledge of cancer symptoms, no studie...

BACKGROUND Initiatives to promote early diagnosis include raising public awareness of signs and symptoms of cancer and addressing barriers to seeking medical help about cancer. Awareness of signs and symptoms of cancer and emotional barriers, such as fear, worry, and embarrassment, strongly influence help seeking behaviour. Whether anxiety influences seeking medical help about cancer is not kno...