Stockouts of HIV commodities increase the risk of treatment interruption, antiretroviral resistance, treatment failure, morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to assess the magnitude and duration of stockouts of HIV medicines and diagnostic tests in public facilities in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. This was a cross-sectional survey involving visits to facilities and war...

The Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, infesting most commodities in warehouses and grain bins. We studied the susceptibility of Indianmeal moth adults and larvae to seven entomopathogenic nematode species and strains. The nematodes studied wereHeterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88, Lewiston, andOswego strains); H. indicaPoinar,Karun...

Due to the increasing amount of natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods and unnatural disasters such as war and terrorist attacks, Humanitarian Relief Chain (HRC) is taken into consideration of most countries. Besides, this paper aims to contribute humanitarian relief chains under uncertainty. In this paper, we address a humanitarian logistics network design problem including local dis...

Disaster relief presents many unique logistics challenges, with problems including damaged transportation infrastructure, limited communication, and coordination of multiple agents. Central to disaster relief logistics is the distribution of life-saving commodities to beneficiaries. Operations research models have potential to help relief agencies save lives and money, maintain standards of hum...

In some countries, regional authorities may attempt to rebalance the allocation of national facilities in benefit their own region which, turn, cause disturbances central government’s decision-making proces. Regarding hierarchical nature these types decisions, classical optimization models are not effective and use multi-level programming can increase efficiency planning. Our paper aims address...

There are normative issues related to the concept of commodity goods with object warehouse receipts and social regarding benefits for grain or rice farmers. Therefore, it is necessary evaluate regulation receipt system so that has a unique contribution small The research applied in this juridical-empirical qualitative approach. fact shows farmers do not want use Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) b...

one of the most important measures needed to be done in times of crisis is to optimize the allocation and distribution of resources among individuals. time is a critical factor effective to increase the number of people rescued by the relief activities.in this paper, we present a relief vehicle routing model in the affected area which uses covering tour approach to reduce total response time. a...

In this paper, the cost function for a three-echelon inventory system with two warehouses is derived. Transportation times are constant and retailers face independent Poisson demand. Replenishments are one-for-one. The lead time of a retailer is determined not only by the constant transportation time but also by the random delay incurred due to the availability of stock at the warehouses. We co...