Parkinson's disease leads to a breakdown in the execution of highly practised, skilled movements such as walking and handwriting. The improved execution of skilled movements with practice can be understood as a process of schema learning, the determining of the relevant parameters of the specific movement. The ability of patients with Parkinson's disease and age matched normal control subjects ...

N Engl J Med 2005;353:1021-7. Copyright © 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society. A 62-year-old man presents with an intermittent tremor in his left hand and some vague discomfort in the left arm. Physical examination shows a minimal rest tremor in the left hand that disappears with use of the limb, mild rigidity at the left wrist and elbow, slowness of finger tapping with the left hand, and decrea...

Humans have the ability to flexibly synchronize motor output with sensory input, such as when dancing, performing, walking in step with a partner, or just tapping a foot along with music. The study of these behaviors, collectively called sensory-motor synchronization (SMS) offers an important window into human timing behavior and the neural mechanisms that support it. The study of SMS also prov...

Despite promising advantages such as low cost and portability of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), it has yet to be widely implemented outside of basic research. Specifically, fNIRS has yet to be proven as a standalone tool within a clinical setting. The objective of this study was to assess hemodynamic concentration changes at the primary and premotor motor cortices as a result of...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of most disabling disorders of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, postural instability and difficulty with walking and gait, are difficult to measure. When disease symptoms become more pronounced, the patient experiences difficulties with hand function and walking, and is prone to falls....

during repetitive tasks (such as running, walking and tapping), music can effect on body movement rhythm. the purpose of this study is investigated the effect of music meter and tempo on cycling speed. therefore, seventeen female physical education students with 22.33±1.22 age, 57.23±10.30 weight, 22.09±3.5 body mass index and 160.55±4.6 height were selected and examined during four sessions (e...

One of the main sources pollution in indoor environments is human walking-induced particle resuspension. In this work, airflow and resuspension particles smaller than 1 ?m generated by foot tapping were investigated numerically using ANSYS CFX software. The k-? shear stress transport model was considered to simulate unsteady field around under shoe. immersed solid method then used incorporate s...

The task induced blood oxygenation level dependent signal changes observed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are critically dependent on the relationship between neuronal activity and hemodynamic response. Therefore, understanding the nature of neurovascular coupling is important when interpreting fMRI signal changes evoked via task. In this study, we used regional homogeneity ...