Carbon dioxide has been used commercially to recover oil from reservoir by enhanced oil recovery technologies for over 40 years. Currently, the CO2 flood is the second most applied enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes in the world behind steam flood. Water alternating gas (WAG) injection has been a popular method to control mobility and improve volumetric sweep efficiency for CO2 flooding. The...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities of cultivated Angelica gigas Nakai (CAG) and wild Angelica gigas Nakai (WAG) extracts prepared by extraction with water, 30% ethanol, 60% ethanol, or 90% ethanol. The electron donating ability of the WAG extracts was higher than that of the CAG extracts and 0.1% and 1.0% solutions of the comparative substance, L-ascorbic aci...

Introduction: The footprint of Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) / ERbB4 in the pathophysiology of some neurological disorders and TRPV1 regulation has been indicated. The alterations in NRG1 and ErbB4 as well as the TRPV1 signaling pathway were investigated during the development of absence epilepsy in the genetic animal model of absence epilepsy. Methods: Male WAG/Rij and Wistar rats were divided into fou...

Wheat WAG-1 is a C-class MADS-box gene, which is orthologous to AGAMOUS in Arabidopsis. In this study, we report the cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of WAG-1 in the pistillody mutant HTS-1 and its sib-line CSTP. The cDNA of WAG-1 was found to be 765 bp in length, which was equal to the length of its open reading frame, encoding 254 amino acids. The location of WAG-1 revealed ...

In rat models of absence epilepsy, epileptic spike-wave discharges appeared in EEG spontaneously, and the incidence of epileptic activity increases with age. Spike-wave discharges and sleep spindles are known to share common thalamo-cortical mechanism, suggesting that absence seizures might affect some intrinsic properties of sleep spindles. This paper examines time-frequency EEG characteristic...

Neocortical networks play a major role in the genesis of generalized spike-and-wave (SW) discharges associated with absence seizures in humans and in animal models, including genetically predisposed WAG/Rij rats. Here, we tested the hypothesis that alterations in GABA(B) receptors contribute to neocortical hyperexcitability in these animals. By using Real-Time PCR we found that mRNA levels for ...

The Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method aims to increase oil production. One of the EOR methods is CO2 injection. injection mechanism by expanding volume oil, reducing viscosity, and mobility ratio. purpose study was compare recovery factor gain in waterflood, Miscible Continuous injection, WAG with a three-dimensional simulation methodology using CMG Compositional software CW Field. From field,...

We compare and contrast two approaches to validating a trained classifier while using all in-sample data for training. One is simultaneous validation over an organized set of hypotheses (SVOOSH), the well-known method that began with VC theory. The other is withhold and gap (WAG). WAG withholds a validation set, trains a holdout classifier on the remaining data, uses the validation data to vali...

The classical cortico-reticular theory on absence epilepsy suggests that a hyperexcitable cortex is a precondition for the occurrence of absence seizures. In the present experiment seizure thresholds and characteristics of cortical and limbic epileptic afterdischarges (AD) were determined in a comparative cortical stimulation study in young and old adult genetically epileptic WAG/Rij, congenic ...