Using radiosonde data from 50 stations for 19731990, we quantify relationships between surface air temperature (Ts) and precipitable water vapor (W) for different time scales. Monthly _mean observations are fairly well described b 7an equation of the form In W = A + B Ts, but the coefficients _4 and B depend on the Ts range considered. At high T•, the relationship is poor. This relationship and...

A new methodology for deriving monthly averages of surface specific humidity (Qa) and air temperature (Ta) is described. Two main aspects characterize the new approach. First, remotely sensed parameters, total precipitable water (W), and sea surface temperature (SST) are used to derive Qa and Ta. Second, artificial neural networks (ANN) are employed to find transfer functions relating the input...

during each event are also indicated. June 1982 to June 1983 (intense event, 1 transect); August 1986 to July 1987 (medium, 7 transects); October 1991 to May 1992 (marginal intensity, 2 transects); October 1992 to October 1993 (marginal, 3 transects); April 1994 to June 1995 (marginal, 8 transects); and April 1997 to April 1998 (intense, 15 transects). 12. To test biases caused by undersampling...

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT, POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. The multivariate analog of Hays w 2 for estimating the strength of the relationship in the multivariate analysis of ...

[1] A fast atmospheric General Circulation Model is used to generate three ensembles of atmospheric circulation. While the first ensemble is forced by global sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, the forcing is confined to the tropics and extratropics, respectively, in the other two ensembles. The tropical SST anomalies have the largest impact on atmospheric variability. However, also the ex...

[1] Coral reefs are constructed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Deposition of CaCO3 (calcification) by corals and other reef organisms is controlled by the saturation state of CaCO3 in seawater (W) and sea surface temperature (SST). Previous studies have neglected the effects of ocean warming in predicting future coral reef calcification rates. In this study we take into account both these effect...

The quantum mechanics is considered to be a partial case of the stochastic system dynamics. It is shown that the wave function describes the state of statistically averaged system 〈Sst〉, but not that of the individual stochastic system Sst. It is a common practice to think that such a construction of quantum mechanics contains hidden variables, and it is incompatible with the von Neumann’s theo...

To reconstruct oceanographic variations in the subtropical South Pacific, 271-year long subseasonal time series of Sr/Ca and O were generated from a coral growing at Rarotonga (21.5°S, 159.5°W). In this case, coral Sr/Ca appears to be an excellent proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) and coral O is a function of both SST and seawater O composition ( Osw). Here, we focus on extracting the Osw...

[1] The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the central Pacific Ocean on rainfall variability over Australia is investigated using observations and idealized simulations from an atmospheric general circulation model. We show that the SST warming centered at 180 W is associated with increased monsoon precipitation over northern Australia from January to February and a decreas...

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the effects of therapeutic ultrasound on range of motion and stretch pain and the relationships between the effects. [Subjects] The subjects were 15 healthy males. [Methods] Subjects performed all three interventions: (1) ultrasound (US group), (2) without powered ultrasound (placebo group), and (3) rest (control group). Ultrasound was applied at 3 MHz with...