damental goal—is maximizing long-term retention and transfer. Toward achieving that goal, one key manipulation is to induce the retrieval of to-be-learned information, which has been shown in many studies to enhance later recall more than does providing additional study trials (e.g., Roediger & Karpicke, 2006). Thus, in the domain of language learning, for example, students’ frequent use of fla...

the present study was an attempt to compare the effect of three vlss, namely word-part strategy, word-card strategy and context-clue strategy on immediate and delayed english vocabulary retention of iranian third grade high school students. to this end, 90 students, studying at three high schools in tabriz, in three intact groups, were considered as the participants of the study. in order to en...

This study aims to describe the use of flashcard media in learning English vocabulary 5th-grade elementary school students and improve memory through media. used theory Djunaidi Fauzan (2012). uses a descriptive qualitative method. research explains facts characteristics factually carefully, which will later be drawn conclusions. The participants this consisted 4 people: three an teacher. colle...

Why? Acrid smoke deposits are responsible for 511 000 of the 1.3 million deaths due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among women worldwide per year versus 173 000 of the total of 1.4 million deaths from COPD among men. Inefficient household energy practices may significantly affect the health of pregnant women such as pelvic organ prolapse during pregnancy due to heavy loads carr...

This paper presents an algorithm for automatic online vocabulary adaptation based on contextual information and information retrieval. Experiments are presented on a transcription task of spoken annotations of business cards recorded by a hand-held device. Contextual information is used to trigger web search which is used to adapt the vocabulary for a given business card. Finally, the language ...

Involvement Load Hypothesis (ILH) and Technique Feature Analysis (TFA) are two frameworks which operationalize depth of processing of a vocabulary learning task. However, there is dearth of research comparing the predictive power of the ILH and the TFA across second language (L2) vocabulary learning tasks. The present study, therefore, aimed to examine this issue across four vocabulary learning...

Involvement Load Hypothesis (ILH) and Technique Feature Analysis (TFA) are two frameworks which operationalize depth of processing of a vocabulary learning task. However, there is dearth of research comparing the predictive power of the ILH and the TFA across second language (L2) vocabulary learning tasks. The present study, therefore, aimed to examine this issue across four vocabulary learning...

We present a Web-based French-language educational-software tool, French e-Flash Card (FFC), authored using our Intensional Markup Language (IML). The FFC site is interactive and dynamic and incorporates AI for French language grammar. These special features, lacking in most language educational tools (which are typically language-independent), are made possible by IML, which allows rule-based ...