At sites of chronic inflammation seen during infections, autoimmunity, graft-vs-host response, and cytokine therapy, endothelial cell injury is known to occur, the exact mechanism of which is unknown. In the current study we used IL-2-induced vascular leak syndrome (VLS) as a model to investigate whether cytotoxic lymphocytes use CD44 in mediating endothelial cell injury. Administration of IL-2...

The mechanism of IL-2-induced vascular leak syndrome (VLS) is still poorly understood. Cells of both innate and adaptive immune systems have been implicated, but no definitive conclusions have been reached concerning their respective roles. In this study we report a new mouse model of IL-2-induced pulmonary VLS used to obtain a detailed analysis of the early events (sequestration of polymorphon...

Vascular leak syndrome (VLS) is the dose-limiting toxicity observed in clinical trials of immunotoxins containing ricin toxin A chain (RTA). RTA itself is thought to cause VLS by damaging vascular endothelial cells, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. This is partially due to the paucity of appropriate models. To study VLS, we developed an in vitro model in which human umbilical vein-deriv...

There are two mass diffusion processes regarding the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of nanostructures: one is inside the catalyst droplet toward the liquid-solid interface; the other is along the side surface planes of the growing nanostructures. In this letter, microscale, modulated mass diffusion scenarios are exhibited through the synthesis of two types of ZnS nanostructures in an Au-cataly...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantitatively the parameters of the video laryngostroboscopy (VLS) and determine correlations between the VLS parameters and acoustic vocal function parameters. Digital VLS recordings, acoustic voice assessment, calculation of dysphonia severity index (DSI) and registration of voice range profile (VRP) were performed for 206 individuals: 50 healthy and...

The problem of determining visibility locations (VLs) on/inside a domain bounded by a planar C1-continuous curve (without vertices), such that entire domain is covered, is discussed in this paper. The curved boundary has been used without being approximated into lines or polygons. Initially, a few observations regarding the VLs for a curved boundary have been made. It is proposed that the set o...

Nanowires have great potential as building blocks for nanoscale electrical and optoelectronic devices. The difficulty in achieving functional and hierarchical nanowire structures poses an obstacle to realization of practical applications. While post-growth techniques such as fluidic alignment might be one solution, selfassembled structures during growth such as branches are promising for functi...

7 ABSTRACT: The recently emerged selective lateral epitaxy 8 of semiconductor planar nanowires (NWs) via the vapor− 9 liquid−solid (VLS) mechanism has redefined the long10 standing symbolic image of VLS NW growthvertical NWs 11 extending out of the substrate. The in-plane geometry and self12 aligned nature make these planar NWs completely compatible 13 with large scale manufacturing of NW-base...

The vertical launch system (VLS) is the U.S. Navy’s premier missile launch system for surface ships. The VLS is modular, and its configuration is tailored to the individual ship. Depending on ship type or class, ship configurations have one or two launching systems. A ship can carry between 61 and 121 missiles. At the end of fiscal year 1993, about 73 systems were deployed on 46 ships; these nu...

Silicon nanowires have been identified as important components for future electronic and sensor nanodevices. So far gold has dominated as the catalyst for growing Si nanowires via the vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. Unfortunately, gold traps electrons and holes in Si and poses a serious contamination problem for Si complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing. Although there a...